تفينتي أنشخيدة: الفرق بين النسختين
| [مراجعة غير مفحوصة] | [مراجعة غير مفحوصة] |
ط بوت:إضافة قالب V1.0 |
لا ملخص تعديل وسم: تعديلات طويلة |
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| سطر 1: | سطر 1: | ||
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????[76] ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????[77][78] ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????[78] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???.[76] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????.[79][80] |
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{{مقالة غير مراجعة|تاريخ=أغسطس 2010}} |
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{{صندوق معلومات نادي كرة قدم |
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| اسم النادي = تونتي |
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| الصورة = [[ملف:شعار نادي تفينتي.png|90بك]] |
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| عنوان الصورة = |
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| الاسم الكامل = نادي توينتي أنشخيده لكرة القدم |
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| اللقب = الحمر ( THE REDS ) |
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| أسس عام = 1965 |
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| الأرض = [[غرولش فيستي]] |
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| السعة = 24000 متفرج |
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| المسمى الوظيفي للمالك = رئيس النادي |
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| المالك = |
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| المسمى الوظيفي للرئيس = |
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| الرئيس = |
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| المسمى الوظيفي للمدير = المدرب |
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| المدير = [[كو ادرينسي]] |
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| الدوري = [[الدوري الهولندي الممتاز]] |
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| الموسم = موسم 2009 - 2010 م |
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| الترتيب = الأول |
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|الموقع الرسمي = http://www.fctwente.nl/ |
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|الموسم الحالي = |
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| TitelDerdeShirt = Alternative Away Shirt |
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}} |
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'''نادي تفينتي أنشخدة''' هو نادي [[كرة قدم]] [[هولندا|هولندي]] تأسس عام [[1965]] م بعد اتحاد ناديي سبورت كلوب إنشخدة وانشخدة بويز ، يلعب النادي ( [[2010]] - [[2011]] ) في [[الدوري الهولندي الممتاز]] ، تم افتتاح ملعب النادي [[غرولش فيستي]]( 24000 متفرج ) عام [[1998]] م ليكون الملعب الرسمي للفريق بعد [[ملعب دايكمان ستاديون]]( 13000 متفرج ) ، من أبر اللاعبين الذين لعبوا للنادي [[يونس محمود]] نجم المنتخب العراقي الحالي و [[احمد راضي]] نجم المنتخب العراقي في فترة التسعينات و [[نشأت اكرم]] اللاعب العراقي وأفضل لاعب بالعالم [[ذر جعفر]]وساهم اللاعبين المذكورين اعلاه في احرازه الدور الهولندي سنة2009_2010 اما احمد راضي فقد ساعد النادي كثيرا وطور كرته وأعاد روح النادي وأعاده للمنافسة على البطولات رئيس النادي الحالي هو [[جعفر ابو طالب]] أحد أكبر واعظم رجال الأعمال في هولندا .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/462/netherlands/2010/05/03/1906983/twente-have-made-history-steve-mcclaren|title=Twente Have Made History – Steve McClaren|date=3 May 2010|work=Goal.com|publisher=Ellinton Invest Inc.|accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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|url = http://www.uslsoccer.com/home/493292.html |
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|title = Dutch Lions Ink 5-Year Partnership |
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|publisher = www.uslsoccer.com |
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|date = 17 January 2011 |
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|accessdate = 2011-01-17 |
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|deadurl = yes |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121010034700/http://www.uslsoccer.com/home/493292.html |
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|archivedate = 10 October 2012 |
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|df = dmy-all |
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}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesn/nedchamp.html Netherlands - Champions]- RSSSF</ref> |
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?????? ??? ???? ?????? 18 ???? 1869 ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1881 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???.[81] |
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انجازاته الرسمية: |
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الدوري الهولندي: مره واحده في عام 2009_2010 |
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????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? (1914-1917) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 1914 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 1922 ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.[82][83] |
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== تشكيلة الفريق == |
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??????? |
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{{تشكيلة بداية}} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 16 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = حارس | اسم = [[كيس باوه]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 13 | دولة = بلغاريا | مركز = حارس | اسم = [[نيكولاي ميخائلوف]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 1 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = حارس | اسم = [[ساندر بوشكر]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 2 | دولة = أستراليا | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[ديفيد كارني]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم= 19 | دولة = البرازيل | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[دوغلاس فرانكو تيكسييرا]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 26 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[دوايت تيندالي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 3 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[نيكي كيوبير]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 4 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[بيتر فيسخرهوف]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 5 | دولة = صربيا | مركز = دفاع | اسم = [[سلوبودان رايكوفيتش]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 21 | دولة = النمسا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[مارك يانكو]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 22 | دولة = بلجيكا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[ناصر الشاذلي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = - | دولة = غانا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[رانسفورد أوسي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 7 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[رومانو دينيبوم]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 18 | دولة = بلجيكا | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[شيخ إسماعيل تيوتي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة وسط}} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 27 | دولة = كرواتيا | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[داريو فيوسيفيتش]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = - | دولة = السويد | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[أمير بايرامي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 10 | دولة = الدنمارك | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[كينيث بيريز]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 14 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[ثيو يانسن]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 6 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[فاوت براما]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 17 | دولة = إثيوبيا | مركز = وسط | اسم = [[يوسف هيرسي]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 25 | دولة = سلوفاكيا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[اندريه ريندلا]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = - | دولة = جنوب أفريقيا| مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[برنارد باركر]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 9 | دولة = سويسرا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[بلايسي إنكوفو]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = 20 | دولة = هولندا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[لوك دي يونغ]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم =22| دولة = كوستاريكا | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[براين رويز غونزاليز]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = - | دولة = أذربيجان | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[فاغييف جوادوف]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة لاعب|الرقم = - | دولة = البرازيل | مركز = هجوم | اسم = [[ويلنغتون]] }} |
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{{تشكيلة نهاية}} |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ????? ?????: ??????? ??????? |
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== أهم إنجازات النادي == |
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# [[الدوري الهولندي الممتاز]] مرة واحدة موسم [[2009]] / [[2010]] م |
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# [[كأس هولندا]] ثلاث مرات [[1977]] و [[2001]] م و [[2011]] م |
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# [[كأس السوبر الهولندي]] مرة عام [[2010]] م |
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# المركز الثاني في [[كأس الإتحاد الأوروبي]] عام [[1975]] م |
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{{الدوري الهولندي الممتاز 2010-2011}} |
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{{تشكيلة تفينتي أنشخيدة}} |
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{{شريط بوابات|عقد 1960|هولندا|كرة القدم}} |
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دوري ابطال أوروبا مرة واحدة |
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== مراجع == |
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{{مراجع}} |
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????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????. |
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{{تصنيف كومنز|FC Twente}} |
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[[تصنيف:أندية كرة قدم تأسست في 1965]] |
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[[تصنيف:أندية كرة قدم في هولندا]] |
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[[تصنيف:تأسيسات سنة 1965 في هولندا]] |
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??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1919 ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? "????? 28 ?????? 1922" ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.[84] |
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[[تصنيف:تفينتي أنشخيدة]] |
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??? ??? 1923 ?????? "???? ????????" ???? ???? ????? 1923? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? 1936 ???? 20 ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? 8 ?????? 1951 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1899? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? 3 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 27 ????? 1952? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 1952 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????[85] ?? ????? ????????? ??? 18 ????? 1953.[86][87] |
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????????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 23 ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? |
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[[تصنيف:الرياضة في أوفرايسل]] |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? |
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???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. |
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?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92] |
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???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] |
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??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? |
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?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96] |
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?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99] |
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?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????[100][101] ?? ?????? 1981 ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??.[102] |
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????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???: ????? ????? ??????? 1986 ???? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?????? 1997 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 98 ?? ????? 6 ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? 25 ????? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????.[102][103][104] |
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???? 25 ????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 25 ????? ????? 2011 ?? ??? |
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???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. |
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???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? 2010.[105] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 25 ????? 2011 (??? ??? ??????) ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 28 ????? ????? ??? �???? ?????� ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????[76] ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????[77][78] ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????[78] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???.[76] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????.[79][80] |
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?????? ??? ???? ?????? 18 ???? 1869 ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1881 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???.[81] |
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????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? (1914-1917) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 1914 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 1922 ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.[82][83] |
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??????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ????? ?????: ??????? ??????? |
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????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????. |
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??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1919 ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? "????? 28 ?????? 1922" ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.[84] |
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??? ??? 1923 ?????? "???? ????????" ???? ???? ????? 1923? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? 1936 ???? 20 ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? 8 ?????? 1951 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1899? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? 3 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 27 ????? 1952? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 1952 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????[85] ?? ????? ????????? ??? 18 ????? 1953.[86][87] |
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????????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 23 ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? |
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???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. |
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?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92] |
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???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] |
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??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? |
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?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96] |
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?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99] |
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?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? |
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???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. |
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?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92] |
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???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] |
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??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? |
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?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96] |
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?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99] |
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?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????[100][101] ?? ?????? 1981 ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??.[102] |
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????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???: ????? ????? ??????? 1986 ???? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?????? 1997 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 98 ?? ????? 6 ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? 25 ????? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????.[102][103][104] |
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???? 25 ????? |
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Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 25 ????? ????? 2011 ?? ??? |
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???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. |
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???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? 2010.[105] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 25 ????? 2011 (??? ??? ??????) ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 28 ????? ????? ??? �???? ?????� ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? |
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نسخة 03:54، 5 أبريل 2018
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????[76] ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????[77][78] ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????[78] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???.[76] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????.[79][80]
?????? ??? ???? ?????? 18 ???? 1869 ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1881 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???.[81]
????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? (1914-1917) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 1914 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 1922 ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.[82][83] ???????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ????? ?????: ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1919 ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? "????? 28 ?????? 1922" ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.[84] ??? ??? 1923 ?????? "???? ????????" ???? ???? ????? 1923? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? 1936 ???? 20 ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? 8 ?????? 1951 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1899? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? 3 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 27 ????? 1952? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 1952 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????[85] ?? ????? ????????? ??? 18 ????? 1953.[86][87] ?????????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 23 ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????.
?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92]
???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????
?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96]
?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99]
?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????[100][101] ?? ?????? 1981 ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??.[102]
????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???: ????? ????? ??????? 1986 ???? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?????? 1997 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 98 ?? ????? 6 ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? 25 ????? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????.[102][103][104] ???? 25 ?????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 25 ????? ????? 2011 ?? ???
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????.
???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? 2010.[105] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 25 ????? 2011 (??? ??? ??????) ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 28 ????? ????? ??? �???? ?????� ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????[76] ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????[77][78] ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????[78] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???.[76] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????.[79][80]
?????? ??? ???? ?????? 18 ???? 1869 ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1881 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???.[81]
????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? (1914-1917) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 1914 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 1922 ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.[82][83] ???????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ????? ?????: ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1919 ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? "????? 28 ?????? 1922" ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.[84] ??? ??? 1923 ?????? "???? ????????" ???? ???? ????? 1923? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? 1936 ???? 20 ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? 8 ?????? 1951 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1899? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? 3 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 27 ????? 1952? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 1952 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????[85] ?? ????? ????????? ??? 18 ????? 1953.[86][87] ?????????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 23 ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????.
?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92]
???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????
?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96]
?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99]
?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? Crystal Clear app kdict.png ???? ?????: ??? ?????????? ???? 6 ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????.
?? 23 ????? 1952 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? �?????? ????????� ???? ????? ????? ????? "???? 23 ?????"?[88][89] ??? ??? 1953 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????[90] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1958 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1961? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 1960-1970? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.[91][92]
???? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1967 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????� ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.[93][94] ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????
?? 6 ??????? 1973 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????.[95][96]
?? ??? 1977 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????[97] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1982 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1989.[98][99]
?? 6 ??????? 1981? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????[100][101] ?? ?????? 1981 ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??.[102]
????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???: ????? ????? ??????? 1986 ???? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?????? 1997 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 98 ?? ????? 6 ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? 25 ????? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????.[102][103][104] ???? 25 ?????
Crystal Clear app kdict.png ?????? ?????: ???? 25 ????? ????? 2011 ?? ???
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????.
???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? 2010.[105] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 25 ????? 2011 (??? ??? ??????) ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 28 ????? ????? ??? �???? ?????� ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???