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أنشأ الصفحة ب''''Calorie restriction''' (CR), or '''caloric restriction''', is a dietary regimen that is based on low calorie intake. "Low" can be defined relativ...' |
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نسخة 12:54، 5 مارس 2015
Calorie restriction (CR), or caloric restriction, is a dietary regimen that is based on low calorie intake. "Low" can be defined relative to the subject's previous intake before intentionally restricting calories, or relative to an average person of similar body type. Calorie restriction without malnutrition has been shown to work in a variety of species, among them yeast, fish, rodents and dogs to decelerate the biological aging process, resulting in longer maintenance of youthful health and an increase in both median and maximum lifespan.[1] The life-extending effect of calorie restriction is not universal.[2] Wild mice, for instance, do not live longer when on a calorie restricted diet.[2]
In humans the long-term health effects of moderate CR with sufficient nutrient are unknown.[3]
Two main lifespan studies have been performed involving nonhuman primates (rhesus monkeys). One, begun in 1987 by the National Institute on Aging, published interim results in August 2012 indicating that CR confers health benefits in these animals, but did not demonstrate increased median lifespan; maximum lifespan data are not yet available, as the study is still ongoing.[4] A second study by the University of Wisconsin beginning in 1989 issued preliminary lifespan results in 2009,[1][5][6] and final results in 2014.[7] It found that CR primates were only 36.4% as likely to die from age-related causes when compared with control animals, and had only 56.2% the rate of death from any cause.
Effects on humans
In humans the long-term health effects of moderate CR with sufficient nutrient are unknown.[3]
- ^ ا ب اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
<ref>والإغلاق</ref>للمرجعAnderson09 - ^ ا ب http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/can-we-prevent-aging "Can We Prevent Aging?" by the National Institute on Aging, a division of the NIH
- ^ ا ب Spindler، Stephen R. (2010). "The Future of Aging": 367–438. DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-3999-6_12. ISBN:978-90-481-3998-9.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب|دورية محكمة=(مساعدة) والوسيط|chapter=تم تجاهله (مساعدة) - ^ Kolata، Gina (29 سبتمبر 2012). "Severe Diet Doesn't Prolong Life, at Least in Monkeys". The New York Times.
- ^ Rezzi، Serge؛ Martin، François-Pierre J.؛ Shanmuganayagam، Dhanansayan؛ Colman، Ricki J.؛ Nicholson، Jeremy K.؛ Weindruch، Richard (2009). "Metabolic shifts due to long-term caloric restriction revealed in nonhuman primates". Experimental Gerontology. ج. 44 ع. 5: 356–62. DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2009.02.008. PMC:2822382. PMID:19264119.
- ^ Colman RJ, Anderson RM, Johnson SC؛ Anderson؛ Johnson؛ Kastman؛ Kosmatka؛ Beasley؛ Allison؛ Cruzen؛ Simmons؛ Kemnitz؛ Weindruch (2009). "Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys". Science. ج. 325 ع. 5937: 201–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..201C. DOI:10.1126/science.1173635. PMC:2812811. PMID:19590001.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف|displayauthors=تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام|إظهار المؤلفين=(مساعدة)صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link) - ^ Colman RJ؛ Beasley TM؛ Kemnitz JW؛ Johnson SC؛ Weindruch R؛ Anderson RM (1 أبريل 2014). "Caloric restriction reduces age-related and all-cause mortality in rhesus monkeys". Nature Communications. ج. 5: 3557. DOI:10.1038/ncomms4557. PMC:3988801. PMID:24691430. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-04-30.