قائمة البحيرات حسب الحجم: الفرق بين النسختين

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This article lists lakes with a water volume of more than 100 km³, ranked by volume. The volume of a lake is a difficult quantity to measure. Generally, the volume must be inferred from bathymetric data by integration. Lake volumes can also change dramatically over time and during the year, especially for salt lakes in arid climates. For these reasons, and because of changing research, information on lake volumes can vary considerably from source to source. The base data for this article is from The Water Encyclopedia (1990).[1] Where volume data from more recent surveys or other authoritative sources has been used it is referenced specifically in each entry.

The list

The largest lakes by volume vary little by season. This list does not include reservoirs; if it did, Lake Kariba would come in at number 24.

Continent colour key
Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America Antarctica
Oceanic 'lakes'

Two bodies of water commonly considered lakes are hydrologically ocean (Maracaibo) or geologically ocean (the Caspian Sea).

Name Country Region Water volume
1. Caspian Sea[2] Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran 78,200 كـم3 (18,800 ميل3)
20. Maracaibo[3] Venezuela 280 كـم3 (67 ميل3)
Continental lakes

The following are geological as well as geographic lakes.

Name Country Region Water volume
2. Baikal[4] Russia Siberia 23,600 كـم3 (5,700 ميل3)
3. Tanganyika Tanzania, DRC, Burundi, Zambia 18,900 كـم3 (4,500 ميل3)
4. Superior United States, Canada 11,600 كـم3 (2,800 ميل3)
5. Michigan-Huron United States, Canada 8,260 كـم3 (1,980 ميل3)
6. Malawi Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania 7,725 كـم3 (1,853 ميل3)
7. Vostok Antarctica 5,400±1,600 km³ (~1,300 cu mi)
8. Victoria Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya 2,700 كـم3 (650 ميل3)
9. Great Bear Lake[5] Canada Northwest Territories 2,236 كـم3 (536 ميل3)
10. Issyk-Kul Kyrgyzstan 1,730 كـم3 (420 ميل3)
11. Ontario United States, Canada 1,710 كـم3 (410 ميل3)
12. Great Slave Lake[5] Canada Northwest Territories 1,580 كـم3 (380 ميل3)
13. Ladoga Russia 908 كـم3 (218 ميل3)
14. Titicaca Bolivia, Peru 710 كـم3 (170 ميل3)
15. Van[6] Turkey Southeast Anatolia 607 كـم3 (146 ميل3)
16. Kivu Rwanda, DRC 569 كـم3 (137 ميل3)
17. Erie United States, Canada 545 كـم3 (131 ميل3)
18. Khövsgöl Mongolia 480 كـم3 (120 ميل3)
19. Onega Russia 295 كـم3 (71 ميل3)
21. Toba[7] Indonesia (Sumatra) 240 كـم3 (58 ميل3)
22. Argentino Argentina 219.9 كـم3 (52.8 ميل3)
23. Turkana Kenya 204 كـم3 (49 ميل3)
24. Vänern Sweden 180 كـم3 (43 ميل3)
25. Nipigon Canada Ontario 165 كـم3 (40 ميل3)[8]
26. Tahoe United States California, Nevada 151 كـم3 (36 ميل3)
27. Dead Sea Jordan, Israel, Palestine 147 كـم3 (35 ميل3)
28. Albert Uganda, DRC 132 كـم3 (32 ميل3)
29. Winnipeg Canada 127 كـم3 (30 ميل3)
30. Nettilling Canada Nunavut (Baffin Island) 114 كـم3 (27 ميل3)
31. Balkhash Kazakhstan 112 كـم3 (27 ميل3)
32. Athabasca Canada Alberta-Saskatchewan 110 كـم3 (26 ميل3)
33. Nicaragua Nicaragua 108 كـم3 (26 ميل3)

In 1960, the Aral Sea was the world's twelfth largest known lake by volume, at 1,100 كـم3 (260 ميل3). However, by 2007 it had shrunk to 10% its original volume, divided into three lakes, none large enough to appear on this list.[9]

By continent

References

  1. ^ van der Leeden؛ Troise؛ Todd (1990)، The Water Encyclopedia (ط. 2nd)، Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers، ص. 198–200
  2. ^ The Caspian Sea is generally regarded by geographers, biologists and limnologists as a huge inland salt lake. It is endorheic (having no outlet), and can be compared to other large (but still much smaller) endorheic salt lakes, such as the Aral Sea, Great Salt Lake and Lake Van. However, the Caspian's large size means that for some purposes it is better modeled as a sea. Geologically, the Caspian, Black, and Mediterranean seas are remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean. Politically, the distinction between a sea and a lake may affect how the Caspian is treated by international law.
  3. ^ Lake Maracaibo is generally regarded as a lake, but is seen by geologists as an inlet of the Caribbean Sea. It lies approximately at sea level, is somewhat salty and is connected to the Caribbean via a channel at its northern end.
  4. ^ Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake by volume.
  5. ^ أ ب Hebert، Paul (2007)، "Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories"، Encyclopedia of Earth، Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-12-07 {{استشهاد}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |publication_place= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  6. ^ Degens، E.T.؛ Wong، H.K.؛ Kempe، S.؛ Kurtman، F. (يونيو 1984)، "A geological study of Lake Van, eastern Turkey"، International Journal of Earth Sciences، Springer، ج. 73 ع. 2: 701–734، DOI:10.1007/BF01824978
  7. ^ Although some parts of Indonesia are often regarded as belonging to Oceania, Sumatra and Lake Toba are generally placed in Asia.
  8. ^ Calculated from estimated mean depth of 55m and area of 3,009 km2 published in Cudmore-Vokey، Becky؛ Crossman، E.J. (ديسمبر 2000)، "Checklists of the Fish Fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes and their Connecting Channels" (PDF)، Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences، Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans، ج. 2550: 11.
  9. ^ Philip Micklin; Nikolay V. Aladin (مارس 2008). "Reclaiming the Aral Sea". Scientific American. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-05-17.{{استشهاد بخبر}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)

See also

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