^ ابLentz، Harris M. (2013). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 (3rd Edition). Routledge. ص. 193. ISBN:1-884964-44-3.
^Clark، John Frank؛ Samuel Decalo (2012). Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo (Fourth Edition). Scarecrow Press. ص. 122. ISBN:978-0-8108-4919-8.