مستخدم:محمد 19951/ملعب2

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
British poster from World War I attacking German ("Hun") atrocities in Belgium

Background[عدل]

Pre-modern precedents[عدل]

English Civil War cartoon entitled "The Cruel Practices of Prince Rupert" (1643)
Blatant election propaganda from the UK c.1890

[1][2]

"HIC OSCULA PEDIBUS PAPAE FIGUNTUR." "Kissing the Pope's feet." (1545). German peasants respond to a papal bull of Pope Paul III. From a series of woodcuts by Lucas Cranach commissioned by Martin Luther,[3] usually referred to as the Papstspotbilder or Papstspottbilder.[4] The accompanying caption reads: "Nicht Bapst: nicht schreck uns mit deim ban, Und sey nicht so zorniger man. Wir thun sonst ein gegen wehre, Und zeigen dirs Bel vedere." "Don't frighten us Pope, with your ban, and don't be such a furious man. Otherwise we shall turn away and show you our rears."[5]

[6]

[7]

19th century[عدل]

[8][9]

Abolitionism[عدل]

Northern propaganda in the American Civil War. Former slave Gordon showing keloid scars from whipping. This famous photo was distributed by abolitionists.[10]

[11]

[12]

[13][14]

[15][16]

First World War[عدل]

How Britain Prepared, 1915 film.

[17][18]

Germany[عدل]

[19]

[20][21][22]

Britain[عدل]

1914 "Lord Kitchener Wants You!" poster

[23]

[24][25][26]

[27]

[28][29][30][31][32]

United States[عدل]

[33]

[34]

Russian revolution[عدل]

  • Meeting Germans in No Man's Land (1917)
    Meeting Germans in No Man's Land (1917)
  • Meeting before the Russian wire entanglements (1917)
    Meeting before the Russian wire entanglements (1917)
  • Bolshevik propaganda train, 1923.
    Bolshevik propaganda train, 1923.
  • ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky" propaganda aircraft in the Moscow sky.
    ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky" propaganda aircraft in the Moscow sky.

Post-war[عدل]

[35][36]

[35]

[37]

Nazi Germany[عدل]

[38][39][40]

[41]

«"I will provide a propagandistic casus belli. Its credibility doesn't matter. The victor will not be asked whether he told the truth."[42][43]»

[42][43][44]

Nuremberg Laws[عدل]

[45][46][47]

Political opponents[عدل]

[48][49]

France in the 1930s[عدل]

[50]

Second World War[عدل]

[51][52]

[53]

Cold War propaganda[عدل]

A 1988 East German communist poster showing the increase of timber production from 7 million cubic metres in 1970 to 11 million in 1990
Soldier loads a "leaflet bomb" during the Korean War.

[54][55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

Vietnam war[عدل]

[60]

[61]

Yugoslav wars[عدل]

[62]

[63][64]

[65][66][67][68]

[69][70]

Propaganda films[عدل]

[71]

.[72]

World War I[عدل]

Interwar period[عدل]

A baby in a carriage falling down the Potemkin Stairs in the iconic scene of The Battleship Potemkin

[71].[73]

[74]

[71]

World War II[عدل]

The Totenehrung (honouring of dead) at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally. SS leader Heinrich Himmler, Adolf Hitler and SA leader Viktor Lutze (from L to R) on the stone terrace. From Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl
Charlie Chaplin in the film The Great Dictator
Occupied-Dutch newsreel by Polygoon-Profilti featuring people swimming (1941)

[75][76][71]

[77][78][79]

[80][81]

[82][83]

[84]

Cold War[عدل]

[85]

[86][87]

[88]

[89]

Post-9/11[عدل]

[90][91]

[92][93]

Food, health, and beyond[عدل]

[94]

Food

[80][95][96][97]

[98][98]

Health

[99][100][101][101][102][103][101]

Other

[99][99][99][99]

21st century[عدل]

Forms[عدل]

Fake news[عدل]

[104][105][106]

Workplace[عدل]

[107]

Nations[عدل]

China[عدل]

Revolutionary opera with a scene from the Red Detachment of Women.

[108][109][110][111][112]

[110][110][113]

[114]

[114]

[114]

[115]

Mexico[عدل]

[116][117]

North Korea[عدل]

North Koreans touring the Museum of American War Atrocities.

[118]

United States[عدل]

A poster circa 2000 concerning cannabis in the United States.

[119][120][121][122][123][124]

[125][126][127]

[128][129]

Russia[عدل]

[130][131]

[132]

[133] [134]

[135][136]

Vietnam[عدل]

Contemporary wars[عدل]

Afghan War[عدل]

Iraq War[عدل]

[137]

Iraqi propaganda[عدل]

[138][139][138][140][140]

[141][141][139]

US propaganda in Iraq[عدل]

US PSYOP pamphlet disseminated in Iraq. The pamphlet says: "This is your future, Al-Zarqawi", and shows Al-Qaeda fighter Al-Zarqawi caught in a rat trap.

[139]

[139][142][142]

[139][143]

[144][145]

Propaganda aimed at US citizens[عدل]

[146][147]

,[148][149][148]

See also[عدل]

References[عدل]

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  2. ^ Boesche, Roger. "Kautilya's Arthasastra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India", The Journal of Military History 67 (pp. 9–38), January 2003.
  3. ^ Edwards، Mark U., Jr. Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531-46.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  4. ^ Oberman، Heiko Augustinus. The Impact of the Reformation: Essays.
  5. ^ Edwards، Mark U., Jr. Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531-46.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  6. ^ Mark U. Edwards, Printing Propaganda and Martin Luther 15; Louise W. Holborn, "Printing and the Growth of a Protestant Movement in Germany from 1517 to 1524", Church History, 11, no. 2 (1942), 123.
  7. ^ Russ Castronovo, Propaganda 1776: Secrets, Leaks, and Revolutionary Communications in Early America (2014) excerpt
  8. ^ Beckman، Karen Redrobe (2003). Vanishing Women: Magic, Film, and Feminism. Duke University Press. ص. 31–33. ISBN:0822330741.
  9. ^ Beckman، Karen Redrobe (2003). Vanishing Women: Magic, Film, and Feminism. Duke University Press. ص. 33–34. ISBN:0822330741.
  10. ^ Kathleen Collins, "The Scourged Back," History of Photography 9 (January 1985): 43–45.
  11. ^ Kenneth M. Stampp (1980). The Imperiled Union:Essays on the Background of the Civil War. Oxford University Press. ص. 85.
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  22. ^ Richard Pipes (2011). The Russian Revolution. ص. 411.
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  24. ^ Sanders 1982، صفحة 143
  25. ^ Ibidem, Messinger 1992
  26. ^ Sanders 1975، صفحات 129–130
  27. ^ Sanders 1975، صفحات 134–135
  28. ^ Wilson 1979، صفحة 369
  29. ^ Laurence V. Moyer, Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War 1914-1918, p 96 (ردمك 0-7818-0370-5)
  30. ^ Laurence V. Moyer, Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War 1914-1918, p 97 (ردمك 0-7818-0370-5)
  31. ^ Haste 1977، صفحات 93–95;Knightley 1995، صفحة 86; Sanders 1982، صفحة 143
  32. ^ Welch 2003، صفحات 123–124
  33. ^ Rogers, E.M. (1994). A history of communication study: A biographical approach. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  34. ^ p. 22, Alex Carey, Taking the Risk Out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty, University of Illinois Press, 1997.
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  51. ^ Nicholas John Cull, Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign Against American "Neutrality" in World War II (1995)
  52. ^ Susan A. Brewer, To Win the Peace: British Propaganda in the United States During World War II (1997)
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  54. ^ "Records". اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2005-12-04.
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  60. ^ "Vietnamese propaganda reflections from 1945–2000" (PDF).
  61. ^ Toại, Đoàn Văn (29 مارس 1981). "A Lament For Vietnam". New York Times Magazine. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-03.
  62. ^ "Serbian Propaganda: A Closer Look". 12 أبريل 1999. NOAH ADAMS: The European Center for War, Peace and the News Media, based in London, has received word from Belgrade that no pictures of mass Albanian refugees have been shown at all, and that the Kosovo humanitarian catastrophe is only referred to as the one made up or over-emphasised by Western propaganda.
    Also, and we quote from the report, "information programs are designed to present the illegitimacy of a NATO aggression on Yugoslavia, the unanimity of the Serbian people in resisting the enemy and Serbian invincibility. All three aims are wrapped in a nationalistic code, `most powerful Western nations, killers, death disseminators, fascists, dictators, criminals, villains, bandits, vandals, barbarians, gangsters, vampires, cowards, perverts, lunatics, scum and trash who want to destroy the small but honorable, dignified, freedom-loving Serbian nation.
  63. ^ "ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict - 1. Joint Criminal Enterprise".
  64. ^ "ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict — C. The implementation of the Strategic Plan in the Bosnian Krajina".
  65. ^ "ICTY: Blaškić verdict — A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača".
  66. ^ "ICTY: Blaškić verdict — A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak".
  67. ^ "ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict — IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - 2. The Conflict in Gornji Vakuf".
  68. ^ "ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict — Mostar attack".
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  100. ^ Lockheed Aircraft Corporation في قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت
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  131. ^ "Putin's on-air Army", TIME 16 March, 2015, pages 44-51
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  134. ^ Cameron Ross (2004). Russian Politics Under Putin. Manchester UP. ص. 26.
  135. ^ Joel Ostrow (2012). Politics In Russia: A Reader. CQ Press. ص. 470–71.
  136. ^ Miguel Vázquez Liñán, "History as a propaganda tool in Putin's Russia," Communist and Post-Communist Studies
  137. ^ Altheide, David L. "War and Mass Mediated Evidence." Cultural Studies — Critical Methodologies 9 (2009): 14–22.
  138. ^ أ ب Garfield, Andrew. "The U.S. Counter-propaganda Failure in Iraq." Middle East Quarterly 14 (2007): 23–32.
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  141. ^ أ ب Garfield, Andrew. "The U.S. Counter-propaganda Failure in Iraq." Middle East Quarterly 14 (2007): 26
  142. ^ أ ب Shah، Anup (1 أغسطس 2007). "Iraq War Media Reporting, Journalism and Propaganda". اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-05-12.
  143. ^ Goldstein, Sol. "A Strategic Failure: American Information Control Policy in Occupied Iraq." Military Review 88.2 (Mar. 2008): 58–65.
  144. ^ Baldor، Lolita C. (30 نوفمبر 2005). "U.S. Military Unclear on 'Planted' Stories". Associated Press. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-06-30. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |deadurl= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  145. ^ Baldor، Lolita C. (2 ديسمبر 2005). "Pentagon describes Iraq propaganda plan". Associated Press. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2005-12-05.
  146. ^ Thrall, A. Trevor. "A Review of: "Weapons of Mass Deception: The Uses of Propaganda in Bush's War on Iraq, by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War Against Iraq, by Paul Rutherford Selling Intervention & War: The Presidency, the..." Political Communication 24.2 (Apr. 2007): 202–207.
  147. ^ Dan Froomkin, "The Ostrich Approach" Washington Post May 25, 2005
  148. ^ أ ب O'Shaughnessy, Nicholas. "Weapons of Mass Seduction: Propaganda, Media and the Iraq War." Journal of Political Marketing 3.4 (2004): 79–104. America: History & Life.
  149. ^ John, Sue Lockett, et al. "Going Public, Crisis after Crisis: The Bush Administration and the Press from September 11 to Saddam." Rhetoric & Public Affairs 10.2 (Summer2007 2007): 195–219.

Further reading[عدل]

  • Bernays, Edward. "Propaganda". (1928)
  • Bytwerk، Randall L. (2004). Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. ISBN:0-87013-710-7.
  • Cole, Robert. Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics (1996)
  • Cole, Robert, ed. Encyclopedia of Propaganda (3 vol 1998)
  • Jowett, Garth S. and Victoria O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion (6th ed. Sage Publications, 2014). A detailed overview of the history, function, and analyses of propaganda. excerpt and text search
  • Kennedy, Greg, and Christopher Tuck, eds. British Propaganda and Wars of Empire: Influencing Friend and Foe 1900-2010 (2014) excerpt and text search
  • Le Bon, Gustave, The Crowd: a study of the Popular Mind (1895)
  • MacArthur, John R.. Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War. New York: Hill and Wang. (1992)
  • O'Donnell، Victoria؛ Jowett، Garth S. (2005). Propaganda and Persuasion. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. ISBN:1-4129-0897-3.
  • Le Bon، Gustave (1895). The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. ISBN:0-14-004531-7.
  • Nelson، Richard Alan (1996). A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN:0-313-29261-2.
  • Young، Emma (10 أكتوبر 2001). "Psychological warfare waged in Afghanistan". New Scientist. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-08-05.
  • Taylor, Philip M. British Propaganda in the Twentieth Century (Edinburgh University Press, 1999)
  • Thomson, Oliver. Mass Persuasion in History. An Historical Analysis of the Development of Propaganda Techniques (Edinburgh, Paul Harris Publishing, 1977)
  • U.S, Army (31 أغسطس 1979). "Appendix I: PSYOP Techniques". Psychological Operations Field Manual No. 33-1. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army.

World wars[عدل]

  • Bergmeier, Horst JP, and Rainer E. Lotz. Hitler's airwaves: the inside story of Nazi radio broadcasting and propaganda (1997).
  • Carruth, Joseph. "World War I Propaganda and Its Effects in Arkansas." Arkansas Historical Quarterly (1997): 385-398. in JSTOR
  • Cornwall, Mark. "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in Austria‐Hungary, 1914–1918." History 77#249 (1992): 50-64.
  • Creel, George. "Propaganda and Morale" American Journal of Sociology (1941) 47#3 pp. 340–351 in JSTOR, Analysis by the head of American propaganda in the First World War
  • Doob, Leonard W. "Goebbels' principles of propaganda." Public Opinion Quarterly (1950) 14#3 pp: 419-442. in JSTOR
  • Green, Leanne. "Advertising war: Picturing Belgium in First World War publicity." Media, War & Conflict 7.3 (2014): 309-325.
  • Gullace, Nicoletta F. "Allied Propaganda and World War I: Interwar Legacies, Media Studies, and the Politics of War Guilt." History Compass (2011) 9#9 pp: 686-700.
  • Haste, Cate. Keep the home fires burning: Propaganda in the First World War (Lane, Allen, 1977)
  • Herf, Jeffrey. The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust (Harvard University Press, 2009)
  • Honey, Maureen. Creating Rosie the Riveter: class, gender, and propaganda during World War II (1984)
  • Horne, John, and Alan Kramer. "German 'Atrocities' and Franco-German Opinion, 1914: The Evidence of German Soldiers' Diaries," Journal of Modern History (1994) 66#1 pp: 1-33 in JSTOR
  • Johnson, Niel M. George Sylvester Viereck, German-American Propagandist (University of Illinois Press, 1972), in World War I
  • Kingsbury, Celia Malone. For Home and Country: World War I Propaganda on the Home Front (University of Nebraska Press; 2010; 308 pages). Describes propaganda directed toward the homes of the American homefront in everything from cookbooks and popular magazines to children's toys.
  • Lasswell, Harold D.. Propaganda Technique in World War I. (1927)
  • Linebarger، Paul M. A. (1948). Psychological Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press. ISBN:0-405-04755-X.
  • Lutz, Ralph Haswell. "Studies of World War Propaganda, 1914-33." Journal of Modern History (1933) 5#4 pp: 496-516. in JSTOR
  • Marquis, Alice Goldfarb. "Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War" Journal of Contemporary History 13#3 (1978), pp. 467-498. online; also in JSTOR
  • Monger, David. Patriotism and Propaganda in First World War Britain: The National War Aims Committee and Civilian Morale (2013) online edition
  • Morris, Kate. British Techniques of Public Relations and Propaganda for Mobilizing East and Central Africa During World War II (Edwin Mellen Press, 2000)
  • Paddock, Troy. A Call to Arms: Propaganda, Public Opinion, and Newspapers in the Great War (2004)
  • Paddock, Troy. World War I and propaganda (Brill, 2014).
  • Peterson, Horace Cornelius. Propaganda for war: The campaign against American neutrality, 1914-1917 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1939), On the operations of private organizations
  • Rhodes, Anthony. Propaganda: the art of persuasion, World War II (1987)
  • Sanders, Michael, and Philip M. Taylor, eds. British Propaganda during the First World War, 1914-1918 (1983)
  • Shirer، William L. (1942). Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941. New York: Albert A. Knopf., A primary source
  • Squires, James Duane. British Propaganda at Home and in the United States from 1914 to 1917 (Harvard University Press, 1935)
  • Thompson, J. Lee. Politicians, the Press, & Propaganda: Lord Northcliffe & the Great War, 1914-1919 (Kent State University Press, 1999), On Britain
  • Welch, David. Germany, Propaganda and Total War, 1914–1918 (2000).

Visual propaganda[عدل]

  • Aulich, James. War Posters: Weapons of Mass Communication (2011)
  • Bird, William L. and Harry R. Rubenstein. Design for Victory: World War II Poster on the American Home Front (1998)
  • Darman, Peter. Posters of World War II: Allied and Axis Propaganda 1939 - 1945 (2011)
  • Moore, Colin. Propaganda Prints: A History of Art in the Service of Social and Political Change (2011) excerpt and text search
  • Slocombe, Richard. British Posters of the Second World War (2014)

External links[عدل]

قالب:EB1922 Poster

General information[عدل]

قالب:Film genres قالب:Filmsbygenre قالب:Propaganda قالب:Media manipulation تصنيف:مقالات تحتوي على مقاطع فيديو

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