شعارات اتحاد كالمار

كان اتحاد كالمار اتحاداً شخصياً بين ممالك الدنمارك، والسويد، والنرويج خلال القرن الخامسة عشر. كان إريك من بوميرانيا أول ملوك اتحاد كالمار. يتكون ختمه من شعارات نبالة النرويج (في المركز كدرعٍ صغير على الصليب الكبير)، والدنمارك (في القسم الأيمن العلوي)، والسويد (أسد فوكونغ في القسم الأيمن السفلي)، وبوميرانيا (فتخاء في القسم الأيسر السفلي)، بالإضافة إلى رمز التيجان الثلاثة في القسم الأيسر العلوي، والتصميم الرمزي الأخير موجود قبل اتحاد كالمار، ويرتبط غالبًا بشعار السويد؛ ولكن خلال القرن الخامس عشر أصبح يمثل ممالك الاتحاد الثلاث.^[2]^[3]

في رسالتين ترجعان لسنة 1430، أمر إريك بومارانيا كلاً من قسيسي فادستينة وكالمار أن يرتديا «راية الممالك» على جلابيبهما. وُصفت الراية بأنها «صليبٌ أحمر على مجالٍ (مستطيل) أصفر».^[4]

مراجع[عدل]

^ The original was kept in St. Mary's Church, Lübeck until it was destroyed in a Bombing of Lübeck in World War II|bombing raid in 1942; a 19th-century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark. The saint accompanying the Virgin Mary and infant Christ is Saint James the Greater, identified by his scallop shell emblem. Based on the heraldic images shown, the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania. It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s. The flag was made of coarse linen. All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil-based paint, and the flag's two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other. K. N. H. Petersen, Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria-Kirken i Lübeck, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1882, p. 57
^ Sven Tito Achen (1972). "Sverige". Alverdens heraldik i farver (بالدنماركية). Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. p. 216. ISBN:87-567-1685-0.
^ Sven Tito Achen (1972). "Sverige". Alverdens heraldik i farver (بالدنماركية). Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. p. 217. ISBN:87-567-1685-0.
^ "Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag. These are a couple of brief passages of text. There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar (though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross) and definitely no surviving flag. A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag. (Jan Oskar Engene, 11 February 2004) "What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the "banner of the realms" on their robes. The banner is described as 'a red cross on top of a yellow field.'" (Jan Oskar Engene, 16 February 2004) crwflags.com نسخة محفوظة 12 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

بوابة علم الشعارات

[1] The original was kept in St. Mary's Church, Lübeck until it was destroyed in a Bombing of Lübeck in World War II|bombing raid in 1942; a 19th-century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark. The saint accompanying the Virgin Mary and infant Christ is Saint James the Greater, identified by his scallop shell emblem. Based on the heraldic images shown, the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania. It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s. The flag was made of coarse linen. All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil-based paint, and the flag's two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other. K. N. H. Petersen, Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria-Kirken i Lübeck, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1882, p. 57

[2] Sven Tito Achen (1972). "Sverige". Alverdens heraldik i farver (بالدنماركية). Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. p. 216. ISBN:87-567-1685-0.

[3] Sven Tito Achen (1972). "Sverige". Alverdens heraldik i farver (بالدنماركية). Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. p. 217. ISBN:87-567-1685-0.

[4] "Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag. These are a couple of brief passages of text. There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar (though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross) and definitely no surviving flag. A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag. (Jan Oskar Engene, 11 February 2004) "What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the "banner of the realms" on their robes. The banner is described as 'a red cross on top of a yellow field.'" (Jan Oskar Engene, 16 February 2004) crwflags.com نسخة محفوظة 12 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

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