مستخدم:Mr. Ibrahem/Azathioprine
| Mr. Ibrahem/Azathioprine | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| الاسم النظامي | |
| 6-[(1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-7H-purine | |
| اعتبارات علاجية | |
| اسم تجاري | Azasan, Imuran and others |
| ASHPDrugs.com | أفرودة |
| مدلاين بلس | a682167 |
| الوضع القانوني | ديلي مد:وصلة |
| فئة السلامة أثناء الحمل | D (أستراليا) D (الولايات المتحدة) |
| طرق إعطاء الدواء | Mainly by mouth (sometimes initially intravenous) |
| بيانات دوائية | |
| توافر حيوي | 60±31% |
| ربط بروتيني | 20–30% |
| استقلاب (أيض) الدواء | Activated non-enzymatically, deactivated mainly by xanthine oxidase |
| عمر النصف الحيوي | 26–80 minutes (azathioprine) 3–5 hours (drug plus metabolites) |
| إخراج (فسلجة) | Kidney, 98% as metabolites |
| معرّفات | |
| بيانات كيميائية | |
| الصيغة الكيميائية | C9H7N7O2S |
| بيانات فيزيائية | |
| نقطة الانصهار | 238–245 °C (460–473 °F) |
تعديل مصدري - تعديل  | |
Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran among others, is an immunosuppressive medication.[3] It is used in rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection.[3][4][5][6] It is taken by mouth or injected into a vein.[3]
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression and vomiting.[3] Bone marrow suppression is especially common in people with a genetic deficiency of the enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase.[3] Other serious risk factors include an increased risk of lymphoma.[3] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.[3] Azathioprine is in the purine analogue and antimetabolite family of medication.[3][7] It works via 6-thioguanine to disrupt the making of RNA and DNA by cells.[3][7]
Azathioprine was first made in 1957.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$7.63–17.19 a month.[9] The wholesale cost in the United States is about US$35.34 per month.[10] In 2017, it was the 335th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800 thousand prescriptions.[11] قالب:Toclimit
- ^ "Azathioprine". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
<ref>والإغلاق</ref>للمرجعwho - ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ "Azathioprine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-08-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-08.
- ^ Axelrad، JE؛ Lichtiger، S؛ Yajnik، V (28 مايو 2016). "Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). ج. 22 ع. 20: 4794–801. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4794. PMC:4873872. PMID:27239106.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link) - ^ Singer، O؛ McCune، WJ (مايو 2017). "Update on maintenance therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. ج. 29 ع. 3: 248–253. DOI:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000382. PMID:28306595.
- ^ Jordan، N؛ D'Cruz، D (2016). "Current and emerging treatment options in the management of lupus". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. ج. 5: 9–20. DOI:10.2147/ITT.S40675. PMC:4970629. PMID:27529058.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link) - ^ أ ب ت Sami، Naveed (2016). Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Approach and Management. Springer. ص. 83. ISBN:9783319267289. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-21.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Azathioprine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-08.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-20.
- ^ "Azathioprine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-04-11.