انتقل إلى المحتوى

قائمة أكثر الثقوب السوداء ضخامة: الفرق بين النسختين

يرجى مراجعة هذه المقالة وإزالة وسم المقالات غير المراجعة، ووسمها بوسوم الصيانة المناسبة.
من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
تصفح التاريخ تفاعلياً
[مراجعة غير مفحوصة][مراجعة غير مفحوصة]
→ التعديل السابقالتعديل اللاحق ←
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
مرئينص الويكي
JarBot (نقاش | مساهمات)
17٬592٬533 edits
ط بوت:التعريب V3.2
JarBot (نقاش | مساهمات)
17٬592٬533 edits
ط بوت:إزالة/إصلاح عنوان مرجع غير موجود
سطر 180: سطر 180:
| [[Markarian 501]] || '''{{val|900000000}}–{{val|3400000000}}'''<ref name="Rieger">{{cite journal|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021482|bibcode=2003A%26A...397..121R|title=On the central black hole mass in Mkn 501|arxiv=astro-ph/0210326v1|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=397|page=121|year=2003|last1=Rieger|first1=F. M.|last2=Mannheim|first2=K.}}</ref> || Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays.
| [[Markarian 501]] || '''{{val|900000000}}–{{val|3400000000}}'''<ref name="Rieger">{{cite journal|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021482|bibcode=2003A%26A...397..121R|title=On the central black hole mass in Mkn 501|arxiv=astro-ph/0210326v1|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=397|page=121|year=2003|last1=Rieger|first1=F. M.|last2=Mannheim|first2=K.}}</ref> || Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays.
|-
|-
| [[PG 1426+015]] || '''{{val|1.298|0.385|e=9}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|467740000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1426+015]] || '''{{val|1.298|0.385|e=9}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|467740000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[3سي 273 (شبه نجم)|3سي 273]] || '''{{val|8.86|1.87|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|550000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || Brightest quasar in the sky
| [[3سي 273 (شبه نجم)|3سي 273]] || '''{{val|8.86|1.87|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|550000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> || Brightest quasar in the sky
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 49]] || '''{{val|560000000}}'''<ref name=apj555_1_L21>{{Cite journal| display-authors=1 | last1=Loewenstein | first1=Michael | last2=Mushotzky | first2=Richard F. | last3=Angelini | first3=Lorella | last4=Arnaud | first4=Keith A. | last5=Quataert | first5=Eliot | title=Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=555 | issue=1 | pages=L21–L24 |date=July 2001 | doi=10.1086/323157 | bibcode=2001ApJ...555L..21L | postscript=. |arxiv = astro-ph/0106326 }}</ref> ||
| [[مسييه 49]] || '''{{val|560000000}}'''<ref name=apj555_1_L21>{{Cite journal| display-authors=1 | last1=Loewenstein | first1=Michael | last2=Mushotzky | first2=Richard F. | last3=Angelini | first3=Lorella | last4=Arnaud | first4=Keith A. | last5=Quataert | first5=Eliot | title=Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=555 | issue=1 | pages=L21–L24 |date=July 2001 | doi=10.1086/323157 | bibcode=2001ApJ...555L..21L | postscript=. |arxiv = astro-ph/0106326 }}</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 0804+761]] || '''{{val|6.93|0.83|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|190550000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 0804+761]] || '''{{val|6.93|0.83|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|190550000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 1617+175]] || '''{{val|5.94|1.38|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|275420000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1617+175]] || '''{{val|5.94|1.38|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|275420000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 1700+518]] || '''{{val|7.81|+1.82|-1.65|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|60260000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1700+518]] || '''{{val|7.81|+1.82|-1.65|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|60260000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 4261]] || '''{{val|400000000}}'''<ref name="STScI-1997-01">{{مرجع ويب|date=1997-01-13 |title=Massive Black Holes Dwell in Most Galaxies, According to Hubble Census |publisher=Hubblesite STScI-1997-01 |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1997/01/text/ |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> || Notable for its {{val|88000}} light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref name="astro162">{{مرجع ويب|title=The Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4261 |publisher=Astronomy 162 (Dept. Physics & Astronomy University of Tennessee) |url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/active/ngc4261.html |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref>
| [[NGC 4261]] || '''{{val|400000000}}'''<ref name="STScI-1997-01">{{مرجع ويب|date=1997-01-13 |title=Massive Black Holes Dwell in Most Galaxies, According to Hubble Census |publisher=Hubblesite STScI-1997-01 |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1997/01/text/ |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> || Notable for its {{val|88000}} light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref name="astro162">{{مرجع ويب|title=The Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4261 |publisher=Astronomy 162 (Dept. Physics & Astronomy University of Tennessee) |url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/active/ngc4261.html |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[PG 1307+085]] || '''{{val|4.4|1.23|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''281 840 000'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1307+085]] || '''{{val|4.4|1.23|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''281 840 000'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[إن جي سي 1275]] || '''{{val|340000000}}'''<ref name=Wilman2005>{{cite journal
| [[إن جي سي 1275]] || '''{{val|340000000}}'''<ref name=Wilman2005>{{cite journal
سطر 227: سطر 299:
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0502537 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of the [[عنقود برشيوس المجري]]
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0502537 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of the [[عنقود برشيوس المجري]]
|-
|-
| [[3C 390.3]] || '''{{val|2.87|0.64|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|338840000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[3C 390.3]] || '''{{val|2.87|0.64|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|338840000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[II Zwicky 136]] || '''{{val|4.57|0.55|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|144540000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[II Zwicky 136]] || '''{{val|4.57|0.55|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|144540000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 0052+251]] || '''{{val|3.69|0.76|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|218780000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 0052+251]] || '''{{val|3.69|0.76|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|218780000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 59]] || '''{{val|270000000}}'''<ref name="Wrobel2008">{{cite journal| author=Wrobel, J. M.| author2=Terashima, Y.| author3=Ho, L. C. | date=2008 | title=Outflow-dominated Emission from the Quiescent Massive Black Holes in NGC 4621 and NGC 4697 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=675 | issue= 2 | pages=1041–1047 | bibcode=2008ApJ...675.1041W | doi=10.1086/527542|arxiv = 0712.1308 }}</ref> || This black hole has a retrograde rotation.<ref name="Wernli2001">{{Cite journal| author=Wernli, F. | author2=Emsellem, E. | author3=Copin, Y. | date=2001 | title=A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621 | journal=Astronomy&Astrophysics | volume=396 | pages=73–81 | bibcode=2002A&A...396...73W | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021333|arxiv = astro-ph/0209361 }}</ref>
| [[مسييه 59]] || '''{{val|270000000}}'''<ref name="Wrobel2008">{{cite journal| author=Wrobel, J. M.| author2=Terashima, Y.| author3=Ho, L. C. | date=2008 | title=Outflow-dominated Emission from the Quiescent Massive Black Holes in NGC 4621 and NGC 4697 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=675 | issue= 2 | pages=1041–1047 | bibcode=2008ApJ...675.1041W | doi=10.1086/527542|arxiv = 0712.1308 }}</ref> || This black hole has a retrograde rotation.<ref name="Wernli2001">{{Cite journal| author=Wernli, F. | author2=Emsellem, E. | author3=Copin, Y. | date=2001 | title=A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621 | journal=Astronomy&Astrophysics | volume=396 | pages=73–81 | bibcode=2002A&A...396...73W | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021333|arxiv = astro-ph/0209361 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[PG 1411+442]] || '''{{val|4.43|1.46|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1411+442]] || '''{{val|4.43|1.46|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 876]] || '''{{val|2.79|1.29|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|240000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 876]] || '''{{val|2.79|1.29|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|240000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[المرأة المسلسلة (مجرة)|المرأة المسلسلة]] || '''{{val|230000000}}''' || Nearest large galaxy to the [[درب التبانة]]
| [[المرأة المسلسلة (مجرة)|المرأة المسلسلة]] || '''{{val|230000000}}''' || Nearest large galaxy to the [[درب التبانة]]
|-
|-
| [[PG 0953+414]] || '''{{val|2.76|0.59|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 0953+414]] || '''{{val|2.76|0.59|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 0026+129]] || '''{{val|3.93|0.96|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|53700000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 0026+129]] || '''{{val|3.93|0.96|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|53700000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Fairall 9]] || '''{{val|2.55|0.56|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Fairall 9]] || '''{{val|2.55|0.56|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 1095]] || '''{{val|1.5|0.19|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 1095]] || '''{{val|1.5|0.19|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 105]] || '''{{val|140000000}}–{{val|200000000}}'''<ref name="thilker2009">{{Cite journal| author=Thilker, David A. | author2=Donovan, Jennifer | author3=Schiminovich, David | author4=Bianchi, Luciana | author5=Boissier, Samuel | author6=Gil de Paz | author7= Armando | author8=Madore, Barry F. | author9=Martin, D. Christopher | author10=Seibert, Mark | date=2009 | title=Massive star formation within the Leo 'primordial' ring | journal=Nature | volume=457 | issue=7232 | pages=990–993 | bibcode=2009Natur.457..990T | doi=10.1038/nature07780 | pmid=19225520}}</ref>||
| [[مسييه 105]] || '''{{val|140000000}}–{{val|200000000}}'''<ref name="thilker2009">{{Cite journal| author=Thilker, David A. | author2=Donovan, Jennifer | author3=Schiminovich, David | author4=Bianchi, Luciana | author5=Boissier, Samuel | author6=Gil de Paz | author7= Armando | author8=Madore, Barry F. | author9=Martin, D. Christopher | author10=Seibert, Mark | date=2009 | title=Massive star formation within the Leo 'primordial' ring | journal=Nature | volume=457 | issue=7232 | pages=990–993 | bibcode=2009Natur.457..990T | doi=10.1038/nature07780 | pmid=19225520}}</ref>||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 509]] || '''{{val|1.43|0.12|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|57550000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 509]] || '''{{val|1.43|0.12|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|57550000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| OJ 287 secondary || '''{{val|100000000}}'''<ref name="frostbite"/> || The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above).
| OJ 287 secondary || '''{{val|100000000}}'''<ref name="frostbite"/> || The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above).
سطر 267: سطر 459:
| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142|arxiv = 0901.3778 }}</ref>||
| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142|arxiv = 0901.3778 }}</ref>||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 5548]] || '''{{val|6.71|0.26|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|123000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 5548]] || '''{{val|6.71|0.26|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|123000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 1221+143]] || '''{{val|1.46|0.44|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|40740000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 1221+143]] || '''{{val|1.46|0.44|e=8}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|40740000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 88]] || '''{{val|80000000}}'''<ref>{{cite journal
| [[مسييه 88]] || '''{{val|80000000}}'''<ref>{{cite journal
سطر 284: سطر 500:
| [[مسييه 81]] (''Bode's Galaxy'') || '''70,000,000'''<ref name="devereuxetal2003">{{Cite journal| author=N. Devereux | author2= H. Ford | author3=Z. Tsvetanov | author4=J. Jocoby | last-author-amp=yes | date=2003 | title=STIS Spectroscopy of the Central 10 Parsecs of M81: Evidence for a Massive Black Hole | journal=[[المجلة الفلكية]] | volume=125 | issue=3 | pages=1226–1235 | bibcode=2003AJ....125.1226D | doi=10.1086/367595}}</ref> ||
| [[مسييه 81]] (''Bode's Galaxy'') || '''70,000,000'''<ref name="devereuxetal2003">{{Cite journal| author=N. Devereux | author2= H. Ford | author3=Z. Tsvetanov | author4=J. Jocoby | last-author-amp=yes | date=2003 | title=STIS Spectroscopy of the Central 10 Parsecs of M81: Evidence for a Massive Black Hole | journal=[[المجلة الفلكية]] | volume=125 | issue=3 | pages=1226–1235 | bibcode=2003AJ....125.1226D | doi=10.1086/367595}}</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 771]] || '''{{val|7.32|3.52|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|75860000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 771]] || '''{{val|7.32|3.52|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|75860000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 58]] || '''{{val|70000000}}'''<ref name="Merloni2003">{{Cite journal| author=Merloni, Andrea | author2=Heinz, Sebastian | author3=di Matteo, Tiziana | date=2003 | title=A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=345 | issue=4 | pages=1057–1076 | bibcode=2003MNRAS.345.1057M | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0305261 }}</ref> ||
| [[مسييه 58]] || '''{{val|70000000}}'''<ref name="Merloni2003">{{Cite journal| author=Merloni, Andrea | author2=Heinz, Sebastian | author3=di Matteo, Tiziana | date=2003 | title=A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=345 | issue=4 | pages=1057–1076 | bibcode=2003MNRAS.345.1057M | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0305261 }}</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[PG 0844+349]] || '''{{val|9.24|3.81|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|21380000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[PG 0844+349]] || '''{{val|9.24|3.81|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|21380000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[قنطورس أ]] || '''{{val|55000000}}'''<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Radio Telescopes Capture Best-Ever Snapshot of Black Hole Jets|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/radio-particle-jets.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-10-02}}</ref> || Also notable for its million light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Astronomy Picture of the Day – Centaurus Radio Jets Rising|url=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110413.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2011-04-16|date=2011-04-13}}</ref>
| [[قنطورس أ]] || '''{{val|55000000}}'''<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Radio Telescopes Capture Best-Ever Snapshot of Black Hole Jets|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/radio-particle-jets.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-10-02}}</ref> || Also notable for its million light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Astronomy Picture of the Day – Centaurus Radio Jets Rising|url=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110413.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2011-04-16|date=2011-04-13}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 79]] || '''{{val|5.24|1.44|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|52500000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 79]] || '''{{val|5.24|1.44|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|52500000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 96]] || '''{{val|48000000}}'''<ref name=mnras403_2_646>{{Cite journal| display-authors=1 | last1=Nowak | first1=N. | last2=Thomas | first2=J. | last3=Erwin | first3=P. | last4=Saglia | first4=R. P. | last5=Bender | first5=R. | last6=Davies | first6=R. I. | title=Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489. | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=403 | issue=2 | pages=646–672 |date=April 2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.403..646N | postscript=. |arxiv = 0912.2511 }}</ref> || Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses
| [[مسييه 96]] || '''{{val|48000000}}'''<ref name=mnras403_2_646>{{Cite journal| display-authors=1 | last1=Nowak | first1=N. | last2=Thomas | first2=J. | last3=Erwin | first3=P. | last4=Saglia | first4=R. P. | last5=Bender | first5=R. | last6=Davies | first6=R. I. | title=Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489. | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=403 | issue=2 | pages=646–672 |date=April 2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.403..646N | postscript=. |arxiv = 0912.2511 }}</ref> || Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 817]] || '''{{val|4.94|0.77|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|43650000}}'''<ref name=2A />||
| [[Markarian 817]] || '''{{val|4.94|0.77|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|43650000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref>||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 3227]] || '''{{val|4.22|2.14|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|38900000}}'''<ref name=2A />||
| [[NGC 3227]] || '''{{val|4.22|2.14|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|38900000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref>||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 4151]] primary || '''{{val|40000000}}'''<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=NGC 4151: An active black hole in the "Eye of Sauron"|url=http://www.astronomy.com/News-Observing/News/2011/03/NGC%204151%20active%20black%20hole%20in%20the%20Eye%20of%20Sauron.aspx|publisher=''Astronomy'' magazine|accessdate=2011-03-14|date=2011-03-11}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal| arxiv=1209.4524 | author1=Bon | author2=Jovanović | author3=Marziani | author4=Shapovalova | author5=Bon | author6=Borka Jovanović | author7=Borka | author8=Sulentic | author9=Popović | title=The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=759 | issue=2 | pages=118–125 | date=2012| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/118 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759..118B }}</ref> ||
| [[NGC 4151]] primary || '''{{val|40000000}}'''<ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=NGC 4151: An active black hole in the "Eye of Sauron"|url=http://www.astronomy.com/News-Observing/News/2011/03/NGC%204151%20active%20black%20hole%20in%20the%20Eye%20of%20Sauron.aspx|publisher=''Astronomy'' magazine|accessdate=2011-03-14|date=2011-03-11}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal| arxiv=1209.4524 | author1=Bon | author2=Jovanović | author3=Marziani | author4=Shapovalova | author5=Bon | author6=Borka Jovanović | author7=Borka | author8=Sulentic | author9=Popović | title=The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=759 | issue=2 | pages=118–125 | date=2012| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/118 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759..118B }}</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[3C 120]] || '''{{val|5.55|+3.14|-2.25|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|22900000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[3C 120]] || '''{{val|5.55|+3.14|-2.25|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|22900000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 279]] || '''{{val|3.49|0.92|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|41700000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 279]] || '''{{val|3.49|0.92|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|41700000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 3516]] || '''{{val|4.27|1.46|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|23000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 3516]] || '''{{val|4.27|1.46|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|23000000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 863]] || '''{{val|4.75|0.74|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|17700000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 863]] || '''{{val|4.75|0.74|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|17700000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 82]] (''Cigar Galaxy'') || '''{{val|30000000}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal| author=Gaffney, N. I. | author2=Lester, D. F. | author3=Telesco, C. M. | last-author-amp=yes | date = 1993 | title = The stellar velocity dispersion in the nucleus of M82 | journal=[[المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية]] | volume = 407 | pages = L57–L60 | doi = 10.1086/186805 | bibcode = 1993ApJ...407L..57G}}</ref> || Prototype [[مجرة انفجار نجمي]].<ref name="Barkeretal2008">{{Cite journal| last1 = Barker | first1 = S. | last2 = de Grijs | first2 = R. | last3 = Cerviño | first3 = M. | date = 2008 | title = Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82 | journal=[[مجلة علم الفلك والفيزياء الفلكية]] | volume = 484 | issue = 3 | pages = 711–720 | bibcode = 2008A&A...484..711B | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200809653|arxiv = 0804.1913 }}</ref>
| [[مسييه 82]] (''Cigar Galaxy'') || '''{{val|30000000}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal| author=Gaffney, N. I. | author2=Lester, D. F. | author3=Telesco, C. M. | last-author-amp=yes | date = 1993 | title = The stellar velocity dispersion in the nucleus of M82 | journal=[[المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية]] | volume = 407 | pages = L57–L60 | doi = 10.1086/186805 | bibcode = 1993ApJ...407L..57G}}</ref> || Prototype [[مجرة انفجار نجمي]].<ref name="Barkeretal2008">{{Cite journal| last1 = Barker | first1 = S. | last2 = de Grijs | first2 = R. | last3 = Cerviño | first3 = M. | date = 2008 | title = Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82 | journal=[[مجلة علم الفلك والفيزياء الفلكية]] | volume = 484 | issue = 3 | pages = 711–720 | bibcode = 2008A&A...484..711B | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200809653|arxiv = 0804.1913 }}</ref>
سطر 343: سطر 667:
| doi=10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6}}</ref> || Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy.
| doi=10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6}}</ref> || Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy.
|-
|-
| [[NGC 3783]] || '''{{val|2.98|0.54|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|9300000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 3783]] || '''{{val|2.98|0.54|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|9300000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 110]] || '''{{val|2.51|0.61|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|5620000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 110]] || '''{{val|2.51|0.61|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|5620000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[Markarian 335]] || '''{{val|1.42|0.37|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|6310000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[Markarian 335]] || '''{{val|1.42|0.37|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|6310000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| NGC 4151 secondary || '''{{val|10000000}}'''<ref name="ReferenceA" /> ||
| NGC 4151 secondary || '''{{val|10000000}}'''<ref name="ReferenceA" /> ||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 7469]] || '''{{val|12.2|1.4|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|6460000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 7469]] || '''{{val|12.2|1.4|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|6460000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[IC 4329]] A || '''{{val|9.90|+17.88|-11.88|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|5010000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[IC 4329]] A || '''{{val|9.90|+17.88|-11.88|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|5010000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[NGC 4593]] || '''{{val|5.36|+9.37|-6.95|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|8130000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 4593]] || '''{{val|5.36|+9.37|-6.95|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|8130000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|-
|-
| [[مسييه 61]] || '''{{val|5000000}}'''<ref name="Pastorini2007">{{cite journal
| [[مسييه 61]] || '''{{val|5000000}}'''<ref name="Pastorini2007">{{cite journal
سطر 384: سطر 780:
| [[الرامي أ*]] || '''{{val|4300000}}'''<ref name="Ghez08">{{Cite journal| author = Ghez, A. M. |display-authors=etal | title = Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits | journal = Astrophysical Journal | date = 2008 | volume = 689 | issue = 2 | pages = 1044–1062 | doi = 10.1086/592738 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...689.1044G | arxiv=0808.2870|last2=Salim |last3=Weinberg |last4=Lu |last5=Do |last6=Dunn |last7=Matthews |last8=Morris |last9=Yelda |last10=Becklin |last11=Kremenek |last12=Milosavljevic |last13=Naiman }}</ref> || The black hole at the center of the [[درب التبانة]]
| [[الرامي أ*]] || '''{{val|4300000}}'''<ref name="Ghez08">{{Cite journal| author = Ghez, A. M. |display-authors=etal | title = Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits | journal = Astrophysical Journal | date = 2008 | volume = 689 | issue = 2 | pages = 1044–1062 | doi = 10.1086/592738 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...689.1044G | arxiv=0808.2870|last2=Salim |last3=Weinberg |last4=Lu |last5=Do |last6=Dunn |last7=Matthews |last8=Morris |last9=Yelda |last10=Becklin |last11=Kremenek |last12=Milosavljevic |last13=Naiman }}</ref> || The black hole at the center of the [[درب التبانة]]
|-
|-
| [[NGC 4051]] || '''{{val|1.91|0.78|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|1300000}}'''<ref name=2A /> ||
| [[NGC 4051]] || '''{{val|1.91|0.78|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A>{{cite journal
|doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4
| title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
| journal = Space Science Reviews
| volume = 183
| page = 253
| url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf
| year = 2013
| last1 = Peterson
| first1 = Bradley M.
| bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P
}}</ref><br />'''{{val|1300000}}'''<ref name=2A>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 }}
</ref> ||
|}
|}


نسخة 03:32، 31 يناير 2018

هذه قائمة مرتبة من الثقوب السوداء الأكبر حجما المعروفة (و المرشحة المحتملة ) لأن تكون الأكبر، و تقاس بوحدة كتلة شمسية (M☉)، أو كتلة الشمس تساوي (حوالي 2 × 1030 كجم).

مقدمة

المجرات التي توجد فيها الثقوب السوداء كبيرة الحجم قليلة و تشمل مجرة درب التبانة , مجرات المجموعة المحلية و عدد قليل من المجرات خارج المجموعة المحلية، على سبيل المثال NGC 4395.

قائمة

الثقوب السوداء المدرجة هنا لديهم مشكلة دقة القياس.

قائمة أكبر الثقوب السوداء
الاسم كتلة شمسية
(الشمس = 1) 		ملاحظات
S5 0014+81 40000000000[1][2][3] A 2010 paper suggested that a funnel collimates the radiation around the jet axis, creating an optical illusion of very high brightness, and thus a possible overestimation of the black hole mass.[1]
SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 33100000000[4]
Black hole of central نجم زائف of H1821+643 30000000000[5] Nearest galaxy cluster harboring a quasar in its core.[5]
APM 08279+5255 23000000000
إن جي سي 4889 21000000000[6] Best fit: the estimate ranges from 6 billion to 37 billion M☉.[6]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of عنقود العنقاء 20000000000[7] This black hole is continuously growing at the rate of ~60 M☉ per year.
SDSS J074521.78+734336.1 19500000000[4]
OJ 287 primary 18000000000[8] A smaller 100 million M☉ black hole orbits this one in a 12-year period (see OJ 287 secondary below). But this measurement is in question due to the limited number and precision of observed companion orbits.
SDSS J08019.69+373047.3 15140000000[4]
SDSS J115954.33+201921.1 14120000000[4]
SDSS J075303.34+423130.8 13800000000[4]
SDSS J080430.56+542041.1 13500000000[4]
SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 12000000000[4]
SDSS J0100+2802 12000000000[9][10]
SDSS J082535.19+512706.3 11220000000[4]
SDSS J013127.34-032100.1 11000000000[11]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of MS 0735.6+7421 10000000000[12] Produced a colossal AGN outburst after accreting 600 million M☉ worth of material.[12]
PSO J334.2028+01.4075 10000000000[13] There are actually two black holes, orbiting at each other in a close pair with a 542-day period. The largest one is quoted, while the smaller one's mass is not defined.[13]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of الإكليل الشمالي (كوكبة) 10000000000[14]
QSO B2126-158 10000000000[1]
Holmberg 15A 10000000000[15] Mass estimates range from ~310 billion M☉ down to 3 billion M☉. They all rely on empirical scaling relations and are thus obtained from extrapolation and not from kinematical measurements.
SDSS J015741.57-010629.6 9800000000[4]
NGC 3842 9700000000[6] Brightest galaxy in the عنقود الأسد المجري
SDSS J230301.45-093930.7 9120000000[4]
SDSS J075819.70+202300.9 7800000000[4]
CID-947 7000000000[16] Constitutes 10% of the total mass of its host galaxy
SDSS J080956.02+502000.9 6450000000[4]
SDSS J014214.75+002324.2 6310000000[4]
مسييه 87 6300000000[17] Central galaxy of the عنقود العذراء المجري; notable for its 4,300 light-year long relativistic jet.
SDSS J025905.63+001121.9 5250000000[4]
SDSS J094202.04+042244.5 5130000000[4]
QSO B0746+254 5000000000[1]
QSO B2149-306 5000000000[1]
NGC 1277 5000000000[18] Once thought to harbor a black hole so large that it contradicted modern galaxy formation and evolutionary theories,[19] re-analysis of the data revised it downward to roughly a third of the original estimate.[18]
SDSS J090033.50+421547.0 4700000000[4]
مسييه 60 4500000000[20]
SDSS J011521.20+152453.3 4100000000[4]
QSO B0222+185 4000000000[1]
Hercules A (3C 348) 4000000000 Notable for its million light-year long relativistic jet.
SDSS J213023.61+122252.0 3500000000[4]
SDSS J173352.23+540030.4 3400000000[4]
SDSS J025021.76-075749.9 3100000000[4]
SDSS J030341.04-002321.9 3000000000[4]
QSO B0836+710 3000000000[1]
SDSS J224956.08+000218.0 2630000000[4]
SDSS J030449.85-000813.4 2400000000[4]
SDSS J234625.66-001600.4 2240000000[4]
ULAS J1120+0641 2000000000[21][22] Also on record as the most distant نجم زائف known, at z=7.085[21]
QSO 0537-286 2000000000[1]
مجرة المغزل 2000000000[23]
Q0906+6930 2000000000[24] Most distant known نجم زائف متوهج, at z = 5.47
QSO B0805+614 1500000000[1]
مسييه 84 1500000000[25]
QSO B225155+2217 1000000000[1]
QSO B1210+330 1000000000[1]
NGC 6166 1000000000[26] Central galaxy of أبيل 2199; notable for its hundred thousand light year long relativistic jet.
Cygnus A 1000000000[27] Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky ad seen at frequencies above 1 GHz
مسييه 104 1000000000[28] Bolometrically most luminous galaxy in the local universe and also the nearest billion-solar-mass black hole to Earth.
Markarian 501 900000000–3400000000[29] Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays.
PG 1426+015 (1.298±0.385)×109[30]
467740000[31]
3سي 273 (8.86±1.87)×108[30]
550000000[31]		 Brightest quasar in the sky
مسييه 49 560000000[32]
PG 0804+761 (6.93±0.83)×108[30]
190550000[31]
PG 1617+175 (5.94±1.38)×108[30]
275420000[31]
PG 1700+518 7.81+1.82
−1.65×108[30]
60260000[31]
NGC 4261 400000000[33] Notable for its 88000 light-year long relativistic jet.[34]
PG 1307+085 (4.4±1.23)×108[30]
281 840 000[31]
إن جي سي 1275 340000000[35][36] Central galaxy of the عنقود برشيوس المجري
3C 390.3 (2.87±0.64)×108[30]
338840000[31]
II Zwicky 136 (4.57±0.55)×108[30]
144540000[31]
PG 0052+251 (3.69±0.76)×108[30]
218780000[31]
مسييه 59 270000000[37] This black hole has a retrograde rotation.[38]
PG 1411+442 (4.43±1.46)×108[30]
79430000[31]
Markarian 876 (2.79±1.29)×108[30]
240000000[31]
المرأة المسلسلة 230000000 Nearest large galaxy to the درب التبانة
PG 0953+414 (2.76±0.59)×108[30]
182000000[31]
PG 0026+129 (3.93±0.96)×108[30]
53700000[31]
Fairall 9 (2.55±0.56)×108[30]
79430000[31]
Markarian 1095 (1.5±0.19)×108[30]
182000000[31]
مسييه 105 140000000–200000000[39]
Markarian 509 (1.43±0.12)×108[30]
57550000[31]
OJ 287 secondary 100000000[8] The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above).
RX J124236.9-111935 100000000[40] Observed by the مرصد تشاندرا الفضائي للأشعة السينية to be tidally disrupting a star.[40][41]
مسييه 85 100000000[42]
NGC 5548 (6.71±0.26)×107[30]
123000000[31]
PG 1221+143 (1.46±0.44)×108[30]
40740000[31]
مسييه 88 80000000[43]
مسييه 81 (Bode's Galaxy) 70,000,000[44]
Markarian 771 (7.32±3.52)×107[30]
75860000[31]
مسييه 58 70000000[45]
PG 0844+349 (9.24±3.81)×107[30]
21380000[31]
قنطورس أ 55000000[46] Also notable for its million light-year long relativistic jet.[47]
Markarian 79 (5.24±1.44)×107[30]
52500000[31]
مسييه 96 48000000[48] Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses
Markarian 817 (4.94±0.77)×107[30]
43650000[31]
NGC 3227 (4.22±2.14)×107[30]
38900000[31]
NGC 4151 primary 40000000[49][50]
3C 120 5.55+3.14
−2.25×107[30]
22900000[31]
Markarian 279 (3.49±0.92)×107[30]
41700000[31]
NGC 3516 (4.27±1.46)×107[30]
23000000[31]
NGC 863 (4.75±0.74)×107[30]
17700000[31]
مسييه 82 (Cigar Galaxy) 30000000[51] Prototype مجرة انفجار نجمي.[52]
مسييه 108 24000000[53]
M60-UCD1 20000000[54] Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy.
NGC 3783 (2.98±0.54)×107[30]
9300000[31]
Markarian 110 (2.51±0.61)×107[30]
5620000[31]
Markarian 335 (1.42±0.37)×107[30]
6310000[31]
NGC 4151 secondary 10000000[50]
NGC 7469 (12.2±1.4)×106[30]
6460000[31]
IC 4329 A 9.90+17.88
−11.88×106[30]
5010000[31]
NGC 4593 5.36+9.37
−6.95×106[30]
8130000[31]
مسييه 61 5000000[55]
مسييه 32 1500000–5000000[56] A dwarf satellite galaxy of the المرأة المسلسلة.
الرامي أ* 4300000[57] The black hole at the center of the درب التبانة
NGC 4051 (1.91±0.78)×106[30]
1300000[31]

مراجع

  1. ^ ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي يا Ghisellini، G.؛ Ceca، R. Della؛ Volonteri، M.؛ Ghirlanda، G.؛ Tavecchio، F.؛ Foschini، L.؛ Tagliaferri، G.؛ Haardt، F.؛ Pareschi، G.؛ Grindlay، J. (2010). "Chasing the heaviest black holes in active galactic nuclei". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 405: 387. arXiv:0912.0001. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405..387G. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16449.x.
  2. ^ Ghisellini، G.؛ Foschini، L.؛ Ghirlanda، G.؛ Haardt، F.؛ Burlon، D.؛ Tavecchio، F.؛ وآخرون (14 يوليو 2009). "The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. v2. ج. 399: L24. arXiv:0906.0575. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399L..24G. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author3= (مساعدة)
  3. ^ Gaensler، Bryan (3 يوليو 2012). Extreme Cosmos: A Guided Tour of the Fastest, Brightest, Hottest, Heaviest, Oldest, and Most Amazing Aspects of Our Universe. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-12-08.
  4. ^ ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي يا يب يج يد يه يو يز يح يط ك كا كب كج كد Zuo، Wenwen؛ Wu، Xue-Bing؛ Fan، Xiaohui؛ Green، Richard؛ Wang، Ran؛ Bian، Fuyan (2014). "Black Hole Mass Estimates and Rapid Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Luminous $z \sim$ 3.5 Quasars". arXiv:1412.2438 [astro-ph.HE]. {{استشهاد بأرخايف}}: الوسيط |arxiv= مطلوب (مساعدة)
  5. ^ ا ب Walker، S. A.؛ Fabian، A. C.؛ Russell، H. R.؛ Sanders، J. S. (2014). "The effect of the quasar H1821+643 on the surrounding intracluster medium: Revealing the underlying cooling flow". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 442 ع. 3: 2809. arXiv:1405.7522v1. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.442.2809W. DOI:10.1093/mnras/stu1067. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |class= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  6. ^ ا ب ج McConnell، Nicholas J.؛ Ma، Chung-Pei؛ Gebhardt، Karl؛ Wright، Shelley A.؛ Murphy، Jeremy D.؛ Lauer، Tod R.؛ Graham، James R.؛ Richstone، Douglas O. (2011). "Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies". Nature. ج. 480 ع. 7376: 215–8. arXiv:1112.1078. Bibcode:2011Natur.480..215M. DOI:10.1038/nature10636. PMID:22158244.
  7. ^ McDonald، M.؛ Bayliss، M.؛ Benson، B. A.؛ Foley، R. J.؛ Ruel، J.؛ Sullivan، P.؛ Veilleux، S.؛ Aird، K. A.؛ Ashby، M. L. N.؛ Bautz، M.؛ Bazin، G.؛ Bleem، L. E.؛ Brodwin، M.؛ Carlstrom، J. E.؛ Chang، C. L.؛ Cho، H. M.؛ Clocchiatti، A.؛ Crawford، T. M.؛ Crites، A. T.؛ De Haan، T.؛ Desai، S.؛ Dobbs، M. A.؛ Dudley، J. P.؛ Egami، E.؛ Forman، W. R.؛ Garmire، G. P.؛ George، E. M.؛ Gladders، M. D.؛ Gonzalez، A. H.؛ وآخرون (2012). "A massive, cooling-flow-induced starburst in the core of a luminous cluster of galaxies". Nature. ج. 488 ع. 7411: 349–52. arXiv:1208.2962. Bibcode:2012Natur.488..349M. DOI:10.1038/nature11379. PMID:22895340.
  8. ^ ا ب A bot will complete this citation soon. Click here to jump the queue أرخايف:[1].
  9. ^ Wu، X.؛ Wang، F.؛ Fan، X.؛ Yi، Weimin؛ Zuo، Wenwen؛ Bian، Fuyan؛ Jiang، Linhua؛ McGreer، Ian D.؛ Wang، Ran؛ Yang، Jinyi؛ Yang، Qian؛ Thompson، David؛ Beletsky، Yuri (25 فبراير 2015). "An ultraluminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30". Nature. ج. 518 ع. 7540: 512–515. arXiv:1502.07418. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..512W. DOI:10.1038/nature14241. PMID:25719667.
  10. ^ "Astronomers Discover Record-Breaking Quasar". Sci-News.com. 25 فبراير 2015. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-27.
  11. ^ Ghisellini، G.؛ Tagliaferri، G.؛ Sbarrato، T.؛ Gehrels، N. (2015). "SDSS J013127.34-032100.1: A candidate blazar with a 11 billion solar mass black hole at $z$=5.18". arXiv:1501.07269 [astro-ph.HE]. {{استشهاد بأرخايف}}: line feed character في |title= في مكان 69 (مساعدة) والوسيط |arxiv= مطلوب (مساعدة)
  12. ^ ا ب Most Powerful Eruption In The Universe Discovered NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (ScienceDaily) January 6, 2005
  13. ^ ا ب Liu، Tingting؛ Gezari، Suvi؛ Heinis، Sebastien؛ Magnier، Eugene A.؛ Burgett، William S.؛ Chambers، Kenneth؛ Flewelling، Heather؛ Huber، Mark؛ Hodapp، Klaus W.؛ Kaiser، Nicholas؛ Kudritzki، Rolf-Peter؛ Tonry، John L.؛ Wainscoat، Richard J.؛ Waters، Christopher (2015). "A Periodically Varying Luminous Quasar at z=2 from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey: A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole Binary in the Gravitational Wave-Driven Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 803 ع. 2: L16. arXiv:1503.02083. Bibcode:2015ApJ...803L..16L. DOI:10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L16.
  14. ^ Hlavacek-Larrondo، J.؛ Allen، S. W.؛ Taylor، G. B.؛ Fabian، A. C.؛ Canning، R. E. Ato.؛ Werner، N.؛ Sanders، J. S.؛ Grimes، C. K.؛ Ehlert، S.؛ von Der Linden، A. (2013). "Probing the extreme realm of AGN feedback in the massive galaxy cluster, RX J1532.9+3021". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 777 ع. 2: 163. arXiv:1306.0907. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777..163H. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/163. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |lay-summary= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  15. ^ López-Cruz، O.؛ Añorve، C.؛ Birkinshaw، M.؛ Worrall، D. M.؛ Ibarra-Medel، H. J.؛ Barkhouse، W. A.؛ Torres-Papaqui، J. P.؛ Motta، V. (2014). "The Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 85: The Largest Core Known So Far". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 795 ع. 2: L31. arXiv:1405.7758. Bibcode:2014ApJ...795L..31L. DOI:10.1088/2041-8205/795/2/L31. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: يحتوي الاستشهاد على وسيط غير معروف وفارغ: |1= (مساعدة)
  16. ^ A bot will complete this citation soon. Click here to jump the queue أرخايف:[2].
  17. ^ Walsh, Jonelle L.؛ Barth, Aaron J.؛ Ho, Luis C.؛ Sarzi, Marc (يونيو 2013). "The M87 Black Hole Mass from Gas-dynamical Models of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 770 ع. 2: 86. arXiv:1304.7273. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770...86W. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/86.
  18. ^ ا ب Emsellem، Eric (أغسطس 2013). "Is the black hole in NGC 1277 really overmassive?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 433 ع. 3: 1862–1870. arXiv:1305.3630. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.433.1862E. DOI:10.1093/mnras/stt840.
  19. ^ van den Bosch، Remco C. E.؛ وآخرون (29 نوفمبر 2012). "An over-massive black hole in the compact lenticular galaxy NGC 1277". [[نيتشر (مجلة)|]]. ج. 491 ع. 7426: 729–731. arXiv:1211.6429. Bibcode:2012Natur.491..729V. DOI:10.1038/nature11592. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-11-29.
  20. ^ Juntai Shen؛ Karl Gebhardt (2010). "The Supermassive Black Hole and Dark Matter Halo of NGC 4649 (M60)". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 711: 484–494. arXiv:0910.4168. Bibcode:2010ApJ...711..484S. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/484.
  21. ^ ا ب Daniel J. Mortlock؛ Stephen J. Warren؛ Bram P. Venemans؛ Patel؛ Hewett؛ McMahon؛ Simpson؛ Theuns؛ Gonzáles-Solares؛ Adamson؛ Dye؛ Hambly؛ Hirst؛ Irwin؛ Kuiper؛ Lawrence؛ Röttgering؛ وآخرون (2011). "A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085". Nature. ج. 474 ع. 7353: 616–619. arXiv:1106.6088. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..616M. DOI:10.1038/nature10159. PMID:21720366.
  22. ^ John Matson (29 يونيو 2011). "Brilliant, but Distant: Most Far-Flung Known Quasar Offers Glimpse into Early Universe". Scientific American. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-06-30.
  23. ^ Kormendy، John؛ Richstone، Douglas (1992). "Evidence for a supermassive black hole in NGC 3115". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 393: 559–578. Bibcode:1992ApJ...393..559K. DOI:10.1086/171528.
  24. ^ Romani، Roger W. (2006). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the High-z Blazar Q0906+6930". The Astronomical Journal. ج. 132 ع. 5: 1959–1963. arXiv:astro-ph/0607581. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.1959R. DOI:10.1086/508216.
  25. ^ Bower, G.A.؛ وآخرون (1998). "Kinematics of the Nuclear Ionized Gas in the Radio Galaxy M84 (NGC 4374)". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 492 ع. 1: 111–114. arXiv:astro-ph/9710264. Bibcode:1998ApJ...492L.111B. DOI:10.1086/311109.
  26. ^ Di Matteo، Tiziana؛ Johnstone، Roderick M؛ Allen، Steven W.؛ Fabian، Andrew C. (8 مارس 2001). "Accretion onto Nearby Supermassive Black Holes: Chandra Constraints on the Dominant Cluster Galaxy NGC 6166". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 550: L19. arXiv:astro-ph/0012194. Bibcode:2001ApJ...550L..19D. DOI:10.1086/319489.
  27. ^ "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull interactive: Encyclopedia". HubbleSite. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-05-20.
  28. ^ J. Kormendy؛ R. Bender؛ E. A. Ajhar؛ A. Dressler؛ S. M. Faber؛ K. Gebhardt؛ C. Grillmair؛ T. R. Lauer؛ D. Richstone؛ S. Tremaine (1996). "Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopic Evidence for a 1 X 10 9 Msun Black Hole in NGC 4594". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 473 ع. 2: L91–L94. Bibcode:1996ApJ...473L..91K. DOI:10.1086/310399.
  29. ^ Rieger، F. M.؛ Mannheim، K. (2003). "On the central black hole mass in Mkn 501". Astronomy and Astrophysics. ج. 397: 121. arXiv:astro-ph/0210326v1. Bibcode:2003A%26A...397..121R. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20021482. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تأكد من صحة قيمة |bibcode= طول (مساعدة)
  30. ^ ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي يا يب يج يد يه يو يز يح يط ك كا كب كج كد كه كو كز كح كط ل لا لب لج لد Peterson، Bradley M. (2013). "Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes" (PDF). Space Science Reviews. ج. 183: 253. Bibcode:2014SSRv..183..253P. DOI:10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4.
  31. ^ ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي يا يب يج يد يه يو يز يح يط ك كا كب كج كد كه كو كز كح كط ل لا لب لج لد Nelson، Charles H. (2000). "Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 544 ع. 2: L91. arXiv:astro-ph/0009188. Bibcode:2000ApJ...544L..91N. DOI:10.1086/317314.
  32. ^ Loewenstein، Michael؛ وآخرون (يوليو 2001). "Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 555 ع. 1: L21–L24. arXiv:astro-ph/0106326. Bibcode:2001ApJ...555L..21L. DOI:10.1086/323157.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: postscript (link)
  33. ^ "Massive Black Holes Dwell in Most Galaxies, According to Hubble Census". Hubblesite STScI-1997-01. 13 يناير 1997. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-02.
  34. ^ "The Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4261". Astronomy 162 (Dept. Physics & Astronomy University of Tennessee). اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-02.
  35. ^ Wilman، R. J.؛ Edge، A. C.؛ Johnstone، R. M. (2005). "The nature of the molecular gas system in the core of NGC 1275". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 359 ع. 2: 755–764. arXiv:astro-ph/0502537. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..755W. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x.
  36. ^ Wilman، R. J.؛ Edge، A. C.؛ Johnstone، R. M. (2005). "The nature of the molecular gas system in the core of NGC 1275". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 359 ع. 2: 755–764. arXiv:astro-ph/0502537. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..755W. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x.
  37. ^ Wrobel, J. M.؛ Terashima, Y.؛ Ho, L. C. (2008). "Outflow-dominated Emission from the Quiescent Massive Black Holes in NGC 4621 and NGC 4697". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 675 ع. 2: 1041–1047. arXiv:0712.1308. Bibcode:2008ApJ...675.1041W. DOI:10.1086/527542.
  38. ^ Wernli, F.؛ Emsellem, E.؛ Copin, Y. (2001). "A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621". Astronomy&Astrophysics. ج. 396: 73–81. arXiv:astro-ph/0209361. Bibcode:2002A&A...396...73W. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20021333.
  39. ^ Thilker, David A.؛ Donovan, Jennifer؛ Schiminovich, David؛ Bianchi, Luciana؛ Boissier, Samuel؛ Gil de Paz؛ Armando؛ Madore, Barry F.؛ Martin, D. Christopher؛ Seibert, Mark (2009). "Massive star formation within the Leo 'primordial' ring". Nature. ج. 457 ع. 7232: 990–993. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..990T. DOI:10.1038/nature07780. PMID:19225520.
  40. ^ ا ب Komossa، S.؛ Halpern، J.؛ Schartel، N.؛ Hasinger، G.؛ Santos-Lleo، M.؛ Predehl، P. (مايو 2004). "A Huge Drop in the X-Ray Luminosity of the Nonactive Galaxy RX J1242.6-1119A, and the First Postflare Spectrum: Testing the Tidal Disruption Scenario". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. ج. 603: L17–L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0402468. Bibcode:2004ApJ...603L..17K. DOI:10.1086/382046.
  41. ^ NASA: "Giant Black Hole Rips Apart Unlucky Star"
  42. ^ Kormendy, John؛ Bender, Ralf (2009). "Correlations between Supermassive Black Holes, Velocity Dispersions, and Mass Deficits in Elliptical Galaxies with Cores". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 691 ع. 2: L142–L146. arXiv:0901.3778. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691L.142K. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142.
  43. ^ Merloni, Andrea؛ Heinz, Sebastian؛ di Matteo, Tiziana (2003). "A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 345 ع. 4: 1057–1076. arXiv:astro-ph/0305261. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1057M. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x.
  44. ^ N. Devereux؛ H. Ford؛ Z. Tsvetanov؛ J. Jocoby (2003). "STIS Spectroscopy of the Central 10 Parsecs of M81: Evidence for a Massive Black Hole". المجلة الفلكية. ج. 125 ع. 3: 1226–1235. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1226D. DOI:10.1086/367595. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |last-author-amp= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)
  45. ^ Merloni, Andrea؛ Heinz, Sebastian؛ di Matteo, Tiziana (2003). "A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 345 ع. 4: 1057–1076. arXiv:astro-ph/0305261. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1057M. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x.
  46. ^ "Radio Telescopes Capture Best-Ever Snapshot of Black Hole Jets". NASA. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-10-02.
  47. ^ "Astronomy Picture of the Day – Centaurus Radio Jets Rising". NASA. 13 أبريل 2011. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-04-16.
  48. ^ Nowak، N.؛ وآخرون (أبريل 2010). "Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ج. 403 ع. 2: 646–672. arXiv:0912.2511. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.403..646N. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: postscript (link)
  49. ^ "NGC 4151: An active black hole in the "Eye of Sauron"". Astronomy magazine. 11 مارس 2011. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-14. {{استشهاد ويب}}: استعمال الخط المائل أو الغليظ غير مسموح: |publisher= (مساعدة)
  50. ^ ا ب Bon؛ Jovanović؛ Marziani؛ Shapovalova؛ Bon؛ Borka Jovanović؛ Borka؛ Sulentic؛ Popović (2012). "The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 759 ع. 2: 118–125. arXiv:1209.4524. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759..118B. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/118.
  51. ^ Gaffney, N. I.؛ Lester, D. F.؛ Telesco, C. M. (1993). "The stellar velocity dispersion in the nucleus of M82". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 407: L57–L60. Bibcode:1993ApJ...407L..57G. DOI:10.1086/186805. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |last-author-amp= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)
  52. ^ Barker، S.؛ de Grijs، R.؛ Cerviño، M. (2008). "Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82". مجلة علم الفلك والفيزياء الفلكية. ج. 484 ع. 3: 711–720. arXiv:0804.1913. Bibcode:2008A&A...484..711B. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:200809653.
  53. ^ Satyapal, S.؛ Vega، D.؛ Dudik، R. P.؛ Abel، N. P.؛ Heckman، T.؛ وآخرون (2008). "Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 677 ع. 2: 926–942. arXiv:0801.2759. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..926S. DOI:10.1086/529014.
  54. ^ Strader, J.؛ وآخرون (2013). "The Densest Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 775: L6. arXiv:1307.7707. Bibcode:2013ApJ...775L...6S. DOI:10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6.
  55. ^ Pastorini، G.؛ Marconi، A.؛ Capetti، A.؛ Axon، D. J.؛ Alonso-Herrero، A.؛ Atkinson، J.؛ Batcheldor، D.؛ Carollo، C. M.؛ Collett، J.؛ Dressel، L.؛ Hughes، M. A.؛ Macchetto، D.؛ Maciejewski، W.؛ Sparks، W.؛ van der Marel، R. (2007). "Supermassive black holes in the Sbc spiral galaxies NGC 3310, NGC 4303 and NGC 4258". مجلة علم الفلك والفيزياء الفلكية. ج. 469 ع. 2: 405–423. arXiv:astro-ph/0703149. Bibcode:2007A&A...469..405P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20066784.
  56. ^ Valluri، M.؛ Merritt، D.؛ Emsellem، E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". المجلة الفيزيائية الفلكية. ج. 602 ع. 1: 66–92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379. Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. DOI:10.1086/380896.
  57. ^ Ghez, A. M.؛ Salim؛ Weinberg؛ Lu؛ Do؛ Dunn؛ Matthews؛ Morris؛ Yelda؛ Becklin؛ Kremenek؛ Milosavljevic؛ Naiman؛ وآخرون (2008). "Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits". Astrophysical Journal. ج. 689 ع. 2: 1044–1062. arXiv:0808.2870. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1044G. DOI:10.1086/592738.
مجلوبة من «https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=قائمة_أكثر_الثقوب_السوداء_ضخامة&oldid=27132147»