قائمة كويكبات واضحة: الفرق بين النسختين
[مراجعة غير مفحوصة] | [مراجعة غير مفحوصة] |
ط بوت:تدقيق إملائي V1.4 |
تمت إضافة المزيد من البيانات وجاري العمل على ترجمة ما تبقى وسوم: تمت إضافة وسم nowiki تعديلات طويلة تحرير مرئي |
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سطر 1: | سطر 1: | ||
{{مقالة غير مراجعة|تاريخ = فبراير 2020}} |
{{مقالة غير مراجعة|تاريخ = فبراير 2020}} |
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{{مصدر|تاريخ=فبراير 2020}} |
{{مصدر|تاريخ=فبراير 2020}} |
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{| class="infobox" style="width: 300px;" |
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{| style="background: blue white-space: nowrap;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" |
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| colspan="2" |[[ملف:The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg|302x302بك|The Four Largest Asteroids]] |
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|[[ملف:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691).jpg|150x150بك|Ceres]] [[ملف:Vesta_in_natural_color.jpg|150x150بك|Vesta]] |
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* ''في الأعلى:'' أكبر أربعة كويكبات هي [[سيريس (كوكب قزم)| سيرس 1]]،[[4 فيستا]]،[[2 باللاس]] و [[10 هيجيا]] (قد تختلف الأقطار المتوسطة المعطاة حسب المصدر). |
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* ''من الأسفل:'' سيريس هو [[الكويكب]] الأكبر والأكثر ضخامة والوحيد الذي يعتبر [[كوكب قزم|كوكبا قزما]] |
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'''قائمة كويكبات واضحة''' فيما يلي مجموعة من قوائم الكويكبات الاستثنائية في [[المجموعة الشمسية|النظام الشمسي]]. لأغراض هذه المقالة مصطلح "الكويكب" يعني كوكب صغير وصولا إلى مدار كوكب [[المشتري]] والذي يتضمن [[كوكب قزم|الكوكب القزم]] [[سيريس (كوكب قزم)|سيريس]]. للحصول على قائمة كاملة [[كوكب صغير|بالكواكب الصغيرة]] بالترتيب العددي، انظر [[قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة]]. |
'''قائمة كويكبات واضحة''' فيما يلي مجموعة من قوائم الكويكبات الاستثنائية في [[المجموعة الشمسية|النظام الشمسي]]. لأغراض هذه المقالة مصطلح "الكويكب" يعني كوكب صغير وصولا إلى مدار كوكب [[المشتري]] والذي يتضمن [[كوكب قزم|الكوكب القزم]] [[سيريس (كوكب قزم)|سيريس]]. للحصول على قائمة كاملة [[كوكب صغير|بالكواكب الصغيرة]] بالترتيب العددي، انظر [[قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة]]. |
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سطر 8: | سطر 20: | ||
=== الأكبر من حيث القطر === |
=== الأكبر من حيث القطر === |
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تقدير أحجام الكويكبات عبر الملاحظات أمر صعب ويعود ذلك إلى كون أشكالها غير نظامية، وإختلاف [[وضاءة|وضاءاتها]] وصغر [[القطر الزاوي#استخدام في علم الفلك|قطرها الزاوي]]. وعلى سبيل المثال، [[كويكب كربوني|الكويكبات النقية من النوع سي]] أو {{بالإنكليزية|C-type}} هي أغمق بكثير من معظم الكويكبات. قد يكون للكويكبات التي لها محور واحد أو محورين فقط قياسات [[متوسط هندسي]] متضخم ةبشكل زائف في حال كان المحور الثاني أو الثالث المجهول أصغر بكثير من المحور الأساسي. بلغ قطر الكويكب [[16 سايكي]] الذي تم قياسه بواسطة القمر الصناعي [[إراس]] (253 كيلومترا)، وحاليا تتوفر معلومات أكثر حداثة ودقة عن [[متوسط هندسي|متوسطه الهندسي]] بما يعادل (186 كيلومترا) فقط.{{بحاجة لمصدر|تاريخ=2 آذار/مارس 2020}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!الاسم |
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![[قطر (هندسة)|القطر]] (بالكيلومتر)</br> |
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([[متوسط هندسي|المتوسط الهندسي]]) |
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!الأبعاد(بالكيلومتر) |
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!متوسط المسافة من الشمس</br> |
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(بالوحدة الفلكية) |
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!تاريخ الاكتشاف |
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!المكتشف |
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![[أنواع الكويكبات الطيفية|الفئة]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|1|Ceres|Ceres (dwarf planet)|001}} |
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|{{val|939.4|.2}} |
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|964.4 × 964.2 × 891.8 |
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|2.766 |
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|{{dts|1801|January|1}} |
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|[[Giuseppe Piazzi|Piazzi, G.]] |
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|[[G-type asteroid|G]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|4|Vesta||004}} |
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|{{val|525.4|0.2}} |
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|572.6 × 557.2 × 446.4 ± 0.2 |
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|2.362 |
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|{{dts|1807|March|29}} |
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|[[Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers|Olbers, H. W.]] |
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|[[V-type asteroid|V]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|2|Pallas||002}} |
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|{{val|512|3}} |
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|{{nowrap|{{val|550|4}} × {{val|516|3}} × {{val|476|3|u=km}}}}<ref name="Carry2009">{{cite journal|title=Physical properties of (2) Pallas|journal=Icarus|volume=205|issue=2|pages=460–472|author=Carry, B.|date=2009|display-authors=etal|arxiv=0912.3626|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.007}}</ref> |
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|2.773 |
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|{{dts|1802|March|28}} |
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|[[Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers|Olbers, H. W.]] |
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|[[B-type asteroid|B]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|10|Hygiea||010}} |
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|{{val|434|14}} |
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|450×430×424 |
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|3.139 |
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|{{dts|1849|April|12}} |
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|[[Annibale de Gasparis|de Gasparis, A.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|704|Interamnia||704}} |
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|{{val|332|6}} |
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|362×348×310 |
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|3.062 |
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|{{dts|1910|October|2}} |
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|[[Vincenzo Cerulli|Cerulli, V.]] |
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|[[F-type asteroid|F]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|52|Europa||052}} |
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|{{val|304|4}} |
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| |
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|3.095 |
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|{{dts|1858|February|4}} |
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|[[Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt|Goldschmidt, H.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|511|Davida||511}} |
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|{{val|289|21}} |
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| |
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|3.168 |
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|{{dts|1903|May|30}} |
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|[[Raymond Smith Dugan|Dugan, R. S.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|87|Sylvia||087}} |
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|{{val|286|10}} |
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|385×265×230 |
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|3.485 |
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|{{dts|1866|May|16}} |
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|[[Norman Robert Pogson|Pogson, N. R.]] |
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|[[X-type asteroid|X]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|15|Eunomia||015}} |
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|{{val|268|15}} |
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|357×255×212 |
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|2.643 |
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|{{dts|1851|July|29}} |
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|[[Annibale de Gasparis|de Gasparis, A.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|31|Euphrosyne||031}} |
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|{{val|267|3}} |
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| |
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|3.149 |
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|{{dts|1854|September|1}} |
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|[[James Ferguson (astronomer)|Ferguson, J.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|451|Patientia||451}} |
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|{{val|254|3}} |
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| |
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|3.059 |
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|{{dts|1899|December|4}} |
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|[[Auguste Charlois|Charlois, A.]] |
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| |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|624|Hektor||624}} |
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|?{{val|250|26}} |
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|(binary) |
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|5.235 |
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|{{dts|1907|February|10}} |
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|[[August Kopff|Kopff, A.]] |
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|[[D-type asteroid|D]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|3|Juno||003}} |
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|{{val|247|11}} |
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| |
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|2.672 |
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|{{dts|1804|September|1}} |
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|[[Karl Ludwig Harding|Harding, K. L.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|65|Cybele||065}} |
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|{{val|237|4}} |
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| |
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|3.439 |
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|{{dts|1861|March|8}} |
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|[[Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel|Tempel, E. W.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|324|Bamberga||324}} |
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|{{val|229|7}} |
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| |
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|2.684 |
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|{{dts|1892|February|25}} |
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|[[Johann Palisa|Palisa, J.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|88|Thisbe||088}} |
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|{{val|225|12}} |
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|255×232×193 |
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|2.769 |
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|{{dts|1866|June|15}} |
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|[[Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters|Peters, C. H. F.]] |
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|[[B-type asteroid|B]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|532|Herculina||532}} |
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|{{val|222|4}} |
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|260×220×215 |
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|2.772 |
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|{{dts|1904|April|20}} |
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|[[Max Wolf|Wolf, M.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|48|Doris||048}} |
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|{{val|216|5}}<!--JPL 2020--> |
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| |
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|3.108 |
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|{{dts|1857|September|19}} |
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|[[Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt|Goldschmidt, H.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|375|Ursula||375}} |
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|216 |
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|189×192×194 |
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|3.126 |
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|{{dts|1893|September|18}} |
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|[[Auguste Charlois|Charlois, A.]] |
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| |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|107|Camilla||107}} |
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|215 |
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|285×205×170 |
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|3.476 |
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|{{dts|1868|November|17}} |
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|[[Norman Robert Pogson|Pogson, N. R.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|45|Eugenia||045}} |
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|213 |
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|305×220×145 |
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|2.720 |
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|{{dts|1857|June|27}} |
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|[[Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt|Goldschmidt, H.]] |
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|[[F-type Asteroid|F]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|7|Iris||007}} |
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|213 |
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|240×200×200 |
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|2.386 |
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|{{dts|1847|August|13}} |
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|[[John Russell Hind|Hind, J. R.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|29|Amphitrite||029}} |
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|212 |
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|233×212×193 |
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|2.554 |
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|{{dts|1854|March|1}} |
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|[[Albert Marth|Marth, A.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|423|Diotima||423}} |
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|209 |
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|171×138 |
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|3.065 |
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|{{dts|1896|December|7}} |
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|[[Auguste Charlois|Charlois, A.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|19|Fortuna||019}} |
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|208 |
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|225×205×195 |
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|2.442 |
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|{{dts|1852|August|22}} |
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|[[John Russell Hind|Hind, J. R.]] |
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|[[G-type asteroid|G]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|13|Egeria||013}} |
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|206 |
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|217×196 |
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|2.576 |
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|{{dts|1850|November|2}} |
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|[[Annibale de Gasparis|de Gasparis, A.]] |
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|[[G-type asteroid|G]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|24|Themis||024}} |
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|198 |
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|spheroid 198 |
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|3.136 |
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|{{dts|1853|April|5}} |
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|[[Annibale de Gasparis|de Gasparis, A.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|94|Aurora||094}} |
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|197 |
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|225×173 |
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|3.160 |
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|{{dts|1867|September|6}} |
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|[[James Craig Watson|Watson, J. C.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|702|Alauda||702}} |
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|195 |
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|97.365±1.6 km |
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|3.195 |
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|{{dts|1910|July|16}} |
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|[[Joseph Helffrich|Helffrich, J.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]]/[[B-type asteroid|B]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|121|Hermione||121}} |
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|190 |
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|268×186×183 |
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|3.457 |
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|{{dts|1872|May|12}} |
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|[[James Craig Watson|Watson, J. C.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|259|Aletheia||259}} |
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|190 |
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|178×190 |
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|3.135 |
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|{{dts|1886|June|28}} |
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|[[Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters|Peters, C. H. F.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]]/[[P-type asteroid|P]]/[[X-type asteroid|X]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|372|Palma||372}} |
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|189 |
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|188 |
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|3.149 |
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|{{dts|1893|August|19}} |
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|[[Auguste Charlois|Charlois, A.]] |
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|[[B-type asteroid|B]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|128|Nemesis||128}} |
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|188 |
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|188 |
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|2.751 |
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|{{dts|1872|November|25}} |
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|[[James Craig Watson|Watson, J. C.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|6|Hebe||006}} |
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|186 |
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|205x185x170 |
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|2.426 |
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|{{dts|1847|July|1}} |
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|[[Karl Ludwig Hencke|Hencke, K. L.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|16|Psyche||016}} |
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|186 |
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|240×185×145 |
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|2.924 |
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|{{dts|1852|March|17}} |
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|[[Annibale de Gasparis|de Gasparis, A.]] |
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|[[M-type asteroid|M]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|120|Lachesis||120}} |
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|174 |
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|184x144 |
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|3.301 |
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|{{dts|1872|April|10}} |
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|[[Alphonse Borrelly|Borrelly, A.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{Sortname|41|Daphne||041}} |
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|174 |
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|213x160 |
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|2.765 |
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|{{dts|1856|May|22}} |
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|[[Hermann Goldschmidt|Goldschmidt, H.]] |
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|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
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|- |
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|{{sortname|9|Metis||009}} |
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|174 |
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|222x182x130 |
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|2.385 |
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|{{dts|1848|April|25}} |
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|[[Andrew Graham (astronomer)|Graham, A.]] |
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|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
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|} |
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عدد الأجرام يكبر بسرعة كلما انخفض حجمها. واستنادا إلى بيانات القمر الصناعي [[إراس]] فإن هنالك حوالي 140 [[حزام الكويكبات|حزام كويكبات]] بقطر أكبر من 120 كم.<ref name="jpl-big"/> للحصول على قائمة أكثر اكتمالا، انظر [[قائمة أجرام المجموعة الشمسية مرتبة حسب الحجم]]. |
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=== الأكثر ضخامة === |
=== الأكثر ضخامة === |
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وفيما يلي قائمة من تسعة عشر كويكب الأكثر ضخامة.<ref name="Baer2011">[http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HxBzMsli?url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt|date=2013-07-08}}. Maintained by Jim Baer. Last updated 2010-12-12. Access date 2011-09-02.</ref> وتحسب كتل الكويكبات من خلال [[اضطراب (علم الفلك)|الاضطرابات]] التي تحدثها على مدارات الكويكبات الأخرى، باستثناء الكويكبات التي زارتها المركبات الفضائية أو التي يمكن ملاحظتها، حيث يمكن تحديد الكتلة مباشرة. وتؤدي مجموعات مختلفة من [[علم القياسات الفلكية|عمليات القياسات الفلكية]] إلى تحديدات كتل مختلفة، وتكمن المشكلة الأكبر في حساب الاضطرابات الإجمالية الناجمة عن جميع هذه الكويكبات الصغيرة.<ref name="Baer2007">{{cite journal|last=Baer|first=James|author2=Steven R. Chesley|title=Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris|journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy|volume=100|issue=2008|pages=27–42|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007|doi=10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8|date=2008|bibcode=2008CeMDA.100...27B}}</ref> |
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[[ملف:Masses_of_asteroids_vs_main_belt.png|تصغير|300x300بك|الكتل النسبية لأكبر اثني عشر كويكب معروف,<ref name="Baer20112" /> مقارنة ببقية كتل حزام الكويكب.<ref name="Pitjeva-2005" /><ref name="Pitjeva05" /><br />{{Col-begin}}{{Col-2}} |
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{{legend|#3D6599|[[سيريس (كوكب قزم)|سيرس 1]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#A44142|[[4 فيستا]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#779B4C|[[2 باللاس]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#6C4D83|[[10 هيجيا]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#278AA0|[[31 يوفروسيني]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#D27B40|{{nowrap|[[704 إنتيرامنيا]]}} |
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}} |
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{{Col-2}} |
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{{legend|#4A7BBA|[[511 Davida]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#C84F50|{{nowrap|[[532 Herculina]]}} |
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}} |
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{{legend|#91BD5C|[[15 إينوميا]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#845E9F|[[3 جونو]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#30A9C3|[[16 سايكي]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#FF964E|[[52 أوروبا]] |
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}} |
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{{legend|#A7B6D5|البقية الأخرى |
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}} |
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{{Col-end}}]] |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! الاسم |
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! الكتلة<br />{{nowrap|({{e|18}} كغ)}} |
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! الدقة |
|||
! نسبة تقريبة من جميع الكويكبات |
|||
! ترتيب القطر |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|1 Ceres]]||938.35||0.0001% (938.34–938.36)||31% || 1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[4 Vesta]]||259.076||0.0004% (259.075–259.077)||8.6% || 2 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[2 Pallas]]||201||6.5% (188–214)||6.7% || 3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[10 Hygiea]]||83.2||1.7% (83.2–88.4)||2.9% || 4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[31 Euphrosyne]]||58.1 ?<ref>The mass of Euphrosyne is suspect. It was determined from a single interaction with another asteroid, and is much greater than a C-type asteroid should be.</ref>||34% (38.4–77.8)||1.9% ?|| 12 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[704 Interamnia]]||38.8||4.6% (37.0–40.6)||1.3% || 5 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[511 Davida]]||37.7||5.2% (35.7–39.7)||1.3% || 7 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[532 Herculina]]||33||17% (27–39)||1.1% || 17 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[15 Eunomia]]||31.8||0.9% (31.5–32.1)||1.1% || 10 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[3 Juno]]||28.6||16% (24.0–33.2)||0.95% || 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[16 Psyche]]||22.7 (2011)<br>24.1 (2018)||3.7% (21.9–23.5)<br>13% (20.9–27.3) (2018)||0.76% || 35 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[52 Europa]]||22.7||7% (21.1–24.3)||0.76% || 6 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[88 Thisbe]]||18.3||6% (17.2–19.4)||0.61% || 14 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[13 Egeria]]||15.9||27% (11.5–20.3)||0.53% || 26 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[29 Amphitrite]]||15.2||4% (14.8–15.6)||0.51% || 23 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[87 Sylvia]]||14.78||0.4% (14.72–14.84)||0.49% || 8 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[7 Iris]]||13.75||9.5% (12.45–15.05)||0.54% || 21 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[48 Doris]]||12||50% (6–18)||0.2%–0.4% || 18 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Total |
|||
| 1868.0 || ''NA'' || 62.0% || ''NA'' |
|||
|} |
|||
ولا تزال هناك شكوك كبيرة. على سبيل المثال، فإن عدم اليقين في تقدير [[31 يوفروسيني]] يكفي لنهايته المنخفضة لتتداخل مع كل من [[704 إنتيرامنيا]] و [[:en:511_Davida|511 Davida]] ، والتي تتداخل مع بعضها البعض وأيضا مع [[:en:532_Herculina|532 Herculina]]، والتي تتداخل بدورها مع [[15 إينوميا]] و [[3 جونو]]. [[3 جونو]] بالكاد يتداخل مع [[52 أوروبا]]، والذي بدوره يتداخل مع [[16 سايكي]]. ترتيب جميع الكويكبات خارج المراكز الأربعة الأولى أمر غير مؤكد. ومع ذلك ، لا شيء من الكويكبات الأقل ضخامة يتداخل مع [[52 أوروبا]] و [[16 سايكي]]، والتي يعتقد أن أكبرها ضخامةهو كويكب [[88 Thisbe]] (بحجم 17–19{{e|18}} كجم)، [[ايرس 7]]، [[29 أمفيتريت]] و [[48 دوريس]] (كلها في نطاق 15{{e|18}} كجم)، لذلك من المرجح أن تكون الكويكبات الـ 12 الأولى في الرسم البياني أعلاه هي الأكبر ما لم يثبت وجود كويكب أضخم بشكل غير متوقع لم يتم حساب أبعاده حتى الآن. |
|||
أكبر الكويكبات التي تم قياس كتلها بدقة ، والتي كانت (ولازالت) دراستها قائمة باستخدام مسبار [[داون (مسبار فضائي)|داون]] هي كويكيب [[سيريس (كوكب قزم)|سيريس]] بكتلة {{nowrap|939.3 ± 0.5{{e|18}} kg}} ، و كويكب [[4 فيستا]] بكتلة {{nowrap|259.076 ± 0.001{{e|18}} kg}} . ثالث أكبر الكويكبات التي تم قياس كتلتها بدقة لاحتوائه على أقمار كان كويكب [[87 Sylvia]] بكتلة {{nowrap|14.78 ± 0.06{{e|18}} kg}}. |
|||
للحصول على قائمة أكثر اكتمالاً، راجع [[قائمة أجرام المجموعة الشمسية مرتبة حسب الحجم]]. في الوقت الحالي تتوفر تقديرا فقط عن كتل الكويكبات الكبيرة الأخرى مثل [[:en:423_Diotima|423 ديوتيما]].<ref name="Michalak2001">{{cite journal|last=Michalak|first=G.|title=Determination of asteroid masses|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=374|pages=703–711|date=2001|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010731|url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/aa/abs/2001/29/aa10228/aa10228.html|accessdate=2008-11-10|bibcode=2001A&A...374..703M|issue=2}}</ref><ref>Michalak, G. (2001), assumed masses of perturbing asteroids used in calculations of perturbations of the test asteroids.</ref> |
|||
=== الأكثر لمعانا === |
=== الأكثر لمعانا === |
||
كويكب فيستا هو الكويكب الوحيد المشرق بما يكفي لينظر إليه بالعين المجردة. |
|||
الكويكبات التالية يمكن أن تصل إلى [[قدر ظاهري]] أكثر لمعانا من أو يساوي +8.3 والتي حققها قمر [[زحل]] [[تيتان (قمر)|تيتان]] في أكثر حالات لمعانه، والذي تم اكتشافه قبل 145 عاما من العثور على الكويكب الأول بسبب قربه من زحل وهو السبب الكامن وراء سهولة ملاحظته. |
|||
لا يمكن لأي من الكويكبات في الجزء الخارجي من حزام الكويكبات تحقيق هذا السطوع. حتى كويكبي [[10 هيجيا]] و [[704 إنتيرامنيا]] فإنها نادرا ما قد تصل إلى [[قدر ظاهري]] أعلى من 10.0. ويعود سبب ذلك إلى التوزيعات المختلفة للأنواع الطيفية داخل الأقسام المختلفة من حزام الكويكبات. وتتركز أعلى الكويكبات بياضا بالقرب من مدار [[المريخ]]، والأدنى بياضا بكثير مثل [[كويكب كربوني|الكويكبات من النوع C]] و [[كويكب نوع-D|الكويكبات من النوع D]] تعتبر أنواعا شائعة في الحزام الخارجي للكويكبات. |
|||
تلك الكويكبات ذات الانحرافات العالية جدا لن تصل إلى أقصى [[قدر ظاهري]] لها إلا في حالات نادرة، عندما يكون [[حضيض (علم الفلك)|حضيضها]] قريبا جداً من اقتران [[مدار شمسي المركز|المدار الشمسي المركز]] مع الأرض، أو في حالة كويكب [[99942 أبوفيس]] عندما مر بشكل قريب جداُ من الأرض. |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
!الكويكب |
|||
! [[قدر ظاهري|القدر الظاهري]] |
|||
!محاور شبه رئيسية ([[وحدة فلكية]] |
|||
![[انحراف مداري|الانحراف المداري]] |
|||
!القطر |
|||
(بالكيلومتر) |
|||
!اكتشف في عام |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[99942 Apophis]] |
|||
|3.4<sup>*</sup> |
|||
|0.922 |
|||
|0.191 |
|||
|0.32 |
|||
|2004 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[4 Vesta]] |
|||
|5.20 |
|||
|2.361 |
|||
|0.089172 |
|||
|529 |
|||
|1807 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2 Pallas]] |
|||
|6.49 |
|||
|2.773 |
|||
|0.230725 |
|||
|544 |
|||
|1802 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|1 Ceres]] |
|||
|6.65 |
|||
|2.766 |
|||
|0.079905 |
|||
|952 |
|||
|1801 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[7 Iris]] |
|||
|6.73 |
|||
|2.385 |
|||
|0.231422 |
|||
|200 |
|||
|1847 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[433 Eros]] |
|||
|6.8 |
|||
|1.458 |
|||
|0.222725 |
|||
|34 × 11 × 11 |
|||
|1898 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[6 Hebe]] |
|||
|7.5 |
|||
|2.425 |
|||
|0.201726 |
|||
|186 |
|||
|1847 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[3 Juno]] |
|||
|7.5 |
|||
|2.668 |
|||
|0.258194 |
|||
|233 |
|||
|1804 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[18 Melpomene]] |
|||
|7.5 |
|||
|2.296 |
|||
|0.218708 |
|||
|141 |
|||
|1852 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[15 Eunomia]] |
|||
|7.9 |
|||
|2.643 |
|||
|0.187181 |
|||
|268 |
|||
|1851 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[8 Flora]] |
|||
|7.9 |
|||
|2.202 |
|||
|0.156207 |
|||
|128 |
|||
|1847 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[324 Bamberga]] |
|||
|8.0 |
|||
|2.682 |
|||
|0.338252 |
|||
|229 |
|||
|1892 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1036 Ganymed]] |
|||
|8.1 |
|||
|2.6657 |
|||
|0.533710 |
|||
|32 |
|||
|1924 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[9 Metis]] |
|||
|8.1 |
|||
|2.387 |
|||
|0.121441 |
|||
|190 |
|||
|1848 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[192 Nausikaa]] |
|||
|8.2 |
|||
|2.404 |
|||
|0.246216 |
|||
|103 |
|||
|1879 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[20 Massalia]] |
|||
|8.3 |
|||
|2.409 |
|||
|0.142880 |
|||
|145 |
|||
|1852 |
|||
|} |
|||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>لن يحقق أبوفيس هذا السطوع إلا في 13 أبريل 2029.<ref name="NEODyS2029">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://newton.dm.unipi.it/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=99942&oc=500&y0=2029&m0=4&d0=13&h0=18&mi0=0&y1=2029&m1=4&d1=14&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=10&tiu=minutes |
|||
| title = (99942) Apophis Ephemerides for 13 Apr 2029 |
|||
| publisher = NEODyS (Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site) |
|||
| accessdate = 2011-05-05 |
|||
}}</ref><ref name="MPC2029">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/cgi-bin/mpeph2.cgi?ty=e&TextArea=Apophis&d=2029+Apr.+13+20%3A30&l=60&i=1&u=m&uto=0&c=&long=&lat=&alt=&raty=a&s=t&m=m&adir=S&oed=&e=-2&resoc=&tit=&bu=&ch=c&ce=f&js=f |
|||
| title = (99942) Apophis Ephemerides for 13 Apr 2029 |
|||
| publisher = Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service—Dynamic Site) |
|||
}}</ref> وعادة ما يكون [[قدر ظاهري|قدره الظاهري]] من 20 إلى 22. |
|||
=== الأبطأ دورانا === |
=== الأبطأ دورانا === |
||
تحتوي هذه القائمة على أبطأ الكواكب الثانوية المعروفة [[فترة التناوب|بفترة تناوب]] لا تقل عن 1000 ساعة، أو 41{{frac|2|3}} يوما. في حين أن معظم الأجرام لها [[فترة التناوب|فترة تناوب]] تتراوح بين 2 و 20 ساعة. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
|||
! width="28" |# |
|||
! width="180" |تسمية الكوكب الثانوية |
|||
![[فترة التناوب]](بالساعات) |
|||
![[مقدار (علم الفلك)|مقدار Δ]] |
|||
![[:en:Light_curve#LCDB_quality_code|الجودة]](''U'') |
|||
!المدار أو [[عائلة كويكبات|العائلة]] |
|||
![[أنواع الكويكبات الطيفية|نوع الطيف]] |
|||
![[قطر (هندسة)|القطر]](كم) |
|||
![[مقدار (علم الفلك)|مقدار]](''H'') |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|1.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|(162058) 1997 AE|12}} |
|||
|1880 |
|||
|0.6 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Near-Earth object|NEO]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |0.782 |
|||
|17.9 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|2.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[846 Lipperta]] |
|||
|1641 |
|||
|0.30 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Themis family|Themis]] |
|||
|CBU: |
|||
| align="right" |52.41 |
|||
|10.26 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|3.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[2440 Educatio]] |
|||
|1561 |
|||
|0.80 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Flora family|Flora]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |6.51 |
|||
|13.1 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|4.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[912 Maritima]] |
|||
|1332 |
|||
|0.18 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |[[Asteroid belt|MBA]] {{small|(outer)}} |
|||
|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
|||
| align="right" |82.14 |
|||
| 9.30 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|5.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[9165 Raup]] |
|||
|1320 |
|||
|1.34 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |[[Hungaria family|Hungaria]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |4.62 |
|||
|13.60 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|6.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[1235 Schorria]] |
|||
|1265 |
|||
|1.40 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |Hungaria |
|||
|CX: |
|||
| align="right" |5.04 |
|||
|13.10 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|7.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[50719 Elizabethgriffin]] |
|||
|1256 |
|||
|0.42 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Eunomia family|Eunomia]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |3.40 |
|||
|14.65 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|8.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|(75482) 1999 XC|173}} |
|||
|1234.2 |
|||
|0.69 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Vesta family|Vestian]] |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |2.96 |
|||
|15.01 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|9.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[288 Glauke]] |
|||
|1170 |
|||
|0.90 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Asteroid belt|MBA]] {{small|(outer)}} |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |32.24 |
|||
|10.00 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|10.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|(39546) 1992 DT|5}} |
|||
|1167.4 |
|||
|0.80 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |MBA {{small|(outer)}} |
|||
|[[C-type asteroid|C]] |
|||
| align="right" |5.34 |
|||
|15.09 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|11.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[496 Gryphia]] |
|||
|1072 |
|||
|1.25 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Flora family|Flora]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |15.47 |
|||
|11.61 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|12.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[4524 Barklajdetolli]] |
|||
|1069 |
|||
|1.26 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Flora family|Flora]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |7.14 |
|||
|12.90 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|13.}} |
|||
| align="left" |[[2675 Tolkien]] |
|||
|1060 |
|||
|0.75 |
|||
|2+ |
|||
| align="left" |Flora |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |9.85 |
|||
|12.20 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{small|14.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|(219774) 2001 YY|145}} |
|||
|1007.7 |
|||
|0.86 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |[[Asteroid belt|MBA]] {{small|(inner)}} |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |1.54 |
|||
|16.43 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== الأسرع دورانا === |
=== الأسرع دورانا === |
||
تحتوي هذه القائمة على الكواكب الصغرى الأسرع دورانًا والتي تقل [[فترة التناوب|فترة تناوبها]] عن 100 ثانية أو 0.027 ساعة. تم تعليم الأجرام ذات الفترات غير المؤكدة بشكل مطلق، والتي لها جودة (U) أقل من 2 ، باللون الرمادي الداكن. أسرع الأجسام الدوارة هي جميع الأجسام القريبة من الأرض(الغير مرقمة) و التي يقل قطرها عن 100 متر (انظر الجدول). |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |
|||
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" width="28" |# |
|||
! rowspan="2" |التسمية الثانوية للكويكب |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[فترة التناوب]] |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[Magnitude (astronomy)|مقدار Δ]] |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[:en:Light_curve#LCDB_quality_code|الجودة]](''U'') |
|||
! rowspan="2" |المدار أو [[عائلة كويكبات|العائلة]] |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[Asteroid spectral types|نوع الطيف]] |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[قطر (هندسة)|القطر]](كم) |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[مقدار (علم الفلك)|مقدار]](''H'') |
|||
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" width="100" |Refs |
|||
|- |
|||
!(ثواني) |
|||
!(ساعات) |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|1.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|2014 RC}} |
|||
|16 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.004389}} |
|||
|0.10 |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |[[Near-Earth object|NEO]] |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |0.012 |
|||
|26.80 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2014+RC}} {{·}} {{MPC|2014+RC}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|2.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2015 SV|6}} |
|||
|18 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.00490}} |
|||
|0.74 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.009 |
|||
|27.70 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2015+SV6}} {{·}} {{MPC|2015+SV6}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|3.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|2010 JL|88}} |
|||
|25 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0068295}} |
|||
|0.52 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.013 |
|||
|26.80 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+JL88}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+JL88}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|4.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2017 EK}} |
|||
|30 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0083}} |
|||
|0.30 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.045 |
|||
|24.10 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2017+EK}} {{·}} {{MPC|2017+EK}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|5.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2010 WA}} |
|||
|31 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0085799}} |
|||
|0.22 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.003 |
|||
|30.00 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+WA}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+WA}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|6.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2017 UK8}} |
|||
|31 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0086309}} |
|||
|1.30 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.007 |
|||
|28.20 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2017+UK8}} {{·}} {{MPC|2017+UK8}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|7.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2016 GE|1}} |
|||
|34 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.009438}} |
|||
|0.13 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.014 |
|||
|26.60 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2016+GE1}} {{·}} {{MPC|2016+GE1}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|8.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|2008 HJ}} |
|||
|43 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.01185}} |
|||
|0.80 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.021 |
|||
|25.80 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2008+HJ}} {{·}} {{MPC|2008+HJ}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|9.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2009 TM|8}} |
|||
|43 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.012}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.006 |
|||
|28.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2009+TM8}} {{·}} {{MPC|2009+TM8}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|10.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2015 SU}} |
|||
|46 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0127}} |
|||
|0.20 |
|||
|2−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.025 |
|||
|25.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2015+SU}} {{·}} {{MPC|2015+SU}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|11.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2010 SK|13}} |
|||
|52 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0144}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.01 |
|||
|27.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+SK13}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+SK13}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|12.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2009 BF|2}} |
|||
|57 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.01593}} |
|||
|0.80 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.02 |
|||
|25.90 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2009+BF2}} {{·}} {{MPC|2009+BF2}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|13.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2016 GS|2}} |
|||
|66 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0182725}} |
|||
|0.06 |
|||
|1   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.075 |
|||
|23.00 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2016+GS2}} {{·}} {{MPC|2016+GS2}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|14.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2010 TG|19}} |
|||
|70 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0193935}} |
|||
|1.10 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.049 |
|||
|23.90 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+TG19}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+TG19}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|15.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2008 WA|14}} |
|||
|70 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0195}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.075 |
|||
|23.00 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2008+WA14}} {{·}} {{MPC|2008+WA14}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|16.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2007 KE|4}} |
|||
|77 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.021408}} |
|||
|0.38 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|[[S-type asteroid|S]] |
|||
| align="right" |0.027 |
|||
|25.20 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2007+KE4}} {{·}} {{MPC|2007+KE4}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|17.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2000 DO|8}} |
|||
|78 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0217}} |
|||
|1.39 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.037 |
|||
|24.54 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2000+DO8}} {{·}} {{MPC|2000+DO8}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|18.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2014 GQ|17}} |
|||
|78 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0217}} |
|||
|0.08 |
|||
|2−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.011 |
|||
|27.10 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2014+GQ17}} {{·}} {{MPC|2014+GQ17}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|19.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2014 TV}} |
|||
|79 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.02190}} |
|||
|0.32 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.039 |
|||
|24.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2014+TV}} {{·}} {{MPC|2014+TV}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|20.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2000 WH|10}} |
|||
|80 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.02221}} |
|||
|0.66 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.094 |
|||
|22.50 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2000+WH10}} {{·}} {{MPC|2000+WH10}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|21.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2012 HG|2}} |
|||
|82 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0227}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.012 |
|||
|27.00 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2012+HG2}} {{·}} {{MPC|2012+HG2}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|22.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|2010 TD|54}} |
|||
|83 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0229317}} |
|||
|0.92 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.005 |
|||
|28.90 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+TD54}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+TD54}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="#d6d6d6" |
|||
|{{small|23.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2010 TS|19}} |
|||
|83 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.023}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|n.a. |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.022 |
|||
|25.70 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+TS19}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+TS19}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|24.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2009 UD}} |
|||
|84 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.023246}} |
|||
|0.66 |
|||
|2+  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.011 |
|||
|27.20 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2009+UD}} {{·}} {{MPC|2009+UD}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|25.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2014 WB|366}} |
|||
|86 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0238}} |
|||
|0.46 |
|||
|2+  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.033 |
|||
|24.80 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2014+WB366}} {{·}} {{MPC|2014+WB366}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|26.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2015 RF|36}} |
|||
|90 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.025}} |
|||
|0.15 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.062 |
|||
|23.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2015+RF36}} {{·}} {{MPC|2015+RF36}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|27.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2015 AK|45}} |
|||
|93 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0258}} |
|||
|0.24 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.016 |
|||
|26.40 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2015+AK45}} {{·}} {{MPC|2015+AK45}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|28.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2010 XE|11}} |
|||
|96 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0265846}} |
|||
|0.50 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.075 |
|||
|23.00 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2010+XE11}} {{·}} {{MPC|2010+XE11}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|29.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2000 UK|11}} |
|||
|96 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.026599}} |
|||
|0.28 |
|||
|2   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.026 |
|||
|25.30 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2000+UK11}} {{·}} {{MPC|2000+UK11}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|30.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2016 RB|1}} |
|||
|96 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.02674}} |
|||
|0.18 |
|||
|2+  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.007 |
|||
|28.30 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2016+RB1}} {{·}} {{MPC|2016+RB1}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|31.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mp|2015 CM}} |
|||
|96 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0268}} |
|||
|0.53 |
|||
|3−  |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|S |
|||
| align="right" |0.018 |
|||
|26.10 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2015+CM}} {{·}} {{MPC|2015+CM}}}} |
|||
|- bgcolor="white" |
|||
|{{small|32.}} |
|||
| align="left" |{{mpl|2008 TC|3}} |
|||
|97 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|0.0269409}} |
|||
|1.02 |
|||
|3   |
|||
| align="left" |NEO |
|||
|[[F-type asteroid|F]] |
|||
| align="right" |0.004 |
|||
|30.90 |
|||
| align="left" |{{small|{{LCDB|0|2008+TC3}} {{·}} {{MPC|2008+TC3}}}} |
|||
|} |
|||
== الخصائص المدارية == |
== الخصائص المدارية == |
||
=== المتراجع === |
=== المتراجع === |
||
هو [[كوكب صغير]] بميول مدارية أكبر من 90 درجة (أكبر قدر ممكن هو 180 درجة) اتجاه مداره على شكل [[حركة تراجعية]]. من بين ما يقرب من 800،000 كوكب صغير معروف ، لا يوجد سوى 99 منها ذات [[حركة تراجعية]] (ما يشكل نسبة 0.01٪ من إجمالي الكواكب الصغيرة المعروفة).<ref name="jpl-90degree">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=ast;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bj;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=90;table_format=HTML;max_rows=200;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsCjCpAi;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA |
|||
| title = JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: Asteroids and i > 90 (deg) |
|||
| publisher = JPL Solar System Dynamics |
|||
| accessdate = 2019-03-31 |
|||
}}</ref> مقارنة بوجود أكثر من 2000 [[مذنب]] ذات مدارات [[حركة تراجعية|حركتها تراجعية]]. ما جعل مجموعة هذه الكواكب الصغيرة ذات الحركة التراجعية أندر مجموعة على الإطلاق. الكويكبات ذات الميول المدارية العالية هي إما كويكبات [[قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة العابرة لمدار المريخ|عابرة لمدار المريخ]] أو كويكبات من نوع [[كويكب داموكلودي|داموكلودي]]. |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
!التسمية الثانوية للكويكب |
|||
![[زاوية ميلان|زاوية الميلان]] ([[Degree (angle)|°]]) |
|||
! width="120pt" |لوحظ لأول مرة / |
|||
تاريخ الاكتشاف |
|||
![[:en:Uncertainty_parameter|رمز الحالة]] |
|||
!Obs. × القوس{{ref|1}} |
|||
!تعليقات |
|||
! class="unsortable" |مراجع |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 UX|51}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|090.517|90.517°}} |
|||
|October 27, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|79254 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+UX51}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2018 SQ|13}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|090.973|90.973°}} |
|||
|September 21, 2018 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|17407 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2018+SQ13}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 TN|178}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|091.093|91.093°}} |
|||
|October 8, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|38805 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+TN178}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2005 SB|223}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|091.294|91.294°}} |
|||
|September 30, 2005 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|12200 |
|||
|لديه مدار جيد التحديد |
|||
|{{MPC|2005+SB223}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 MH|55}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|091.486|91.486°}} |
|||
|June 29, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |6 |
|||
|96 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+MH55}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 EQ|169}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|091.607|91.607°}} |
|||
|March 8, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|15 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+EQ169}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 RK|245}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|091.616|91.616°}} |
|||
|September 13, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|184680 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+RK245}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 TK|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|092.336|92.336°}} |
|||
|July 13, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|6075 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+TK2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|518151|{{mp|(518151) 2016 FH|13}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|093.551|93.551°}} |
|||
|March 29, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|91561 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|518151}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 PP|69}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|093.652|93.652°}} |
|||
|August 5, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|8085 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+PP69}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 BH|311}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|094.160|94.160°}} |
|||
|January 20, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|39 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+BH311}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 OX|68}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|094.748|94.748°}} |
|||
|July 26, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|8720 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+OX68}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 JJ|57}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|095.924|95.924°}} |
|||
|May 9, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|95710 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+JJ57}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2013 HS|150}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|097.434|97.434°}} |
|||
|April 16, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|220 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+HS150}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2013 BL|76}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|098.592|98.592°}} |
|||
|January 20, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|46716 |
|||
|لديه محور شبه رئيسي 1254 وحدة فلكية، مما يعطيه ثالث أكبر محور شبه رئيسي من أي كوكب صغير آخر معروف |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+BL76}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 GW|147}} |
|||
| align="right" |{{sort|099.835|99.835°}} |
|||
|April 14, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|97888 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+GW147}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2011 MM|4}} |
|||
| align="right" |100.482° |
|||
|June 24, 2011 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|364936 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2011+MM4}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 NM|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |101.295° |
|||
|July 6, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|28014 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+NM2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 XS|3}} |
|||
| align="right" |101.381° |
|||
|December 8, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|23544 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+XS3}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2013 BN|27}} |
|||
| align="right" |101.828° |
|||
|January 17, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|1400 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+BN27}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(528219) 2008 KV|42}} |
|||
| align="right" |103.396° |
|||
|May 31, 2008 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|198550 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2008+KV42}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(342842) 2008 YB|3}} |
|||
| align="right" |105.058° |
|||
|December 18, 2008 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|1608789 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|342842}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 PN|66}} |
|||
| align="right" |105.113° |
|||
|August 14, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|63879 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+PN66}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 GW|64}} |
|||
| align="right" |105.226° |
|||
|April 6, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|9072 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+GW64}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2012 YO|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |106.883° |
|||
|December 22, 2012 |
|||
| align="center" |3 |
|||
|6674 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2012+YO6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2009 DD|47}} |
|||
| align="right" |107.449° |
|||
|February 27, 2009 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|1584 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2009+DD47}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 UR|52}} |
|||
| align="right" |108.218° |
|||
|October 29, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|1638 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+UR52}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2007 VW|266}} |
|||
| align="right" |108.328° |
|||
|November 12, 2007 |
|||
| align="center" |5 |
|||
|2204 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2007+VW266}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2011 SP|25}} |
|||
| align="right" |109.074° |
|||
|September 20, 2011 |
|||
| align="center" |3 |
|||
|3654 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2011+SP25}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(471325) 2011 KT|19}} |
|||
| align="right" |110.104° |
|||
|May 31, 2011 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|234828 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|471325}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2005 TJ|50}} |
|||
| align="right" |110.226° |
|||
|October 5, 2005 |
|||
| align="center" |5 |
|||
|1488 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2005+TJ50}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2011 OR|17}} |
|||
| align="right" |110.504° |
|||
|May 21, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|71808 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2011+OR17}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2005 VX|3}} |
|||
| align="right" |112.224° |
|||
|November 1, 2005 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|4212 |
|||
|محور شبه رئيسي من 837 وحدة فلكية، ولكن لديه قوس مراقبة قصيرة إلى حد ما 81 يوما لمثل هذا المدار الكبير |
|||
|{{MPC|2005+VX3}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 SV|13}} |
|||
| align="right" |113.243° |
|||
|September 17, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |4 |
|||
|2160 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+SV13}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|2016 LS |
|||
| align="right" |114.338° |
|||
|June 27, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|26688 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+LS}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 YY|18}} |
|||
| align="right" |118.243° |
|||
|December 29, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|33454 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+YY18}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 OM|101}} |
|||
| align="right" |118.797° |
|||
|July 28, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|3535 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+OM101}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(65407) 2002 RP|120}} |
|||
| align="right" |118.970° |
|||
|September 4, 2002 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|648554 |
|||
|هذا الكويكب العابر الخارجي هو [[كويكب داموكلودي]] و [[قرص متفرق]] |
|||
|{{MPC|65407}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 PO|58}} |
|||
| align="right" |121.179° |
|||
|August 5, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |8 |
|||
|120 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+PO58}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 LG|61}} |
|||
| align="right" |123.886° |
|||
|June 2, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |7 |
|||
|935 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+LG61}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(468861) 2013 LU|28}} |
|||
| align="right" |125.356° |
|||
|June 8, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|238336 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|468861}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 SQ|339}} |
|||
| align="right" |128.506° |
|||
|September 29, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |4 |
|||
|1334 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+SQ339}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2000 DG|8}} |
|||
| align="right" |129.246° |
|||
|February 25, 2000 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|42408 |
|||
|[[كويكب داموكلودي]] و [[قرص متفرق]] يعبر كل الكويكبات الخارجية ما عدا [[نبتون]]. جاء في غضون 0.03 وحدة فلكية من سيريس في عام 1930.<ref>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000%20DG8;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1#cad 2008 DG8 and Ceres in 1930]</ref> |
|||
|{{MPC|2000+DG8}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 CO|264}} |
|||
| align="right" |129.820° |
|||
|February 14, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|23800 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+CO264}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2013 NS|11}} |
|||
| align="right" |130.333° |
|||
|July 5, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|143510 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+NS11}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2005 NP|82}} |
|||
| align="right" |130.505° |
|||
|July 6, 2005 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|662673 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2005+NP82}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2006 RG|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |133.437° |
|||
|September 1, 2006 |
|||
| align="center" |4 |
|||
|750 |
|||
|لديه مدار مع قوس بيانات من 25 يوما |
|||
|{{MPC|2006+RG1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2012 YE|8}} |
|||
| align="right" |136.049° |
|||
|December 21, 2012 |
|||
| align="center" |5 |
|||
|1066 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2012+YE8}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 AX|13}} |
|||
| align="right" |137.204° |
|||
|January 2, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |3 |
|||
|1785 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+AX13}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2009 QY|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |137.668° |
|||
|August 17, 2009 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|43990 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2009+QY6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 TP|93}} |
|||
| align="right" |138.330° |
|||
|October 9, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|704 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+TP93}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 YB|13}} |
|||
| align="right" |139.682° |
|||
|December 23, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|50718 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+YB13}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2019 EJ|3}} |
|||
| align="right" |139.758° |
|||
|March 4, 2019 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|576 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2019+EJ3}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 AO|44}} |
|||
| align="right" |139.934° |
|||
|November 27, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|115821 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+AO44}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(336756) 2010 NV|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |140.773° |
|||
|July 1, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|330022 |
|||
|Perihelion at 9.4 AU, only {{mp|2008 KV|42}} has perihelion further out (154-day data arc) |
|||
|{{MPC|336756}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2011 WS|41}} |
|||
| align="right" |141.645° |
|||
|November 24, 2011 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|108 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2011+WS41}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 OR|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |143.912° |
|||
|January 25, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|35032 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+OR1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2010 BK|118}} |
|||
| align="right" |143.914° |
|||
|January 30, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|374596 |
|||
|[[Semi-major axis]] of 408 AU with perihelion at 6.1 AU in April 2012 (1 year data arc) |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+BK118}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|523797|{{mp|(523797) 2016 NM|56}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |144.034° |
|||
|November 1, 2012 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|227052 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|523797}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 UW|51}} |
|||
| align="right" |144.203° |
|||
|October 23, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|68442 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+UW51}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 CG|55}} |
|||
| align="right" |146.262° |
|||
|February 15, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|129000 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+CG55}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2012 HD|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |146.883° |
|||
|April 18, 2012 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|31408 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2012+HD2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2009 YS|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |147.767° |
|||
|December 17, 2009 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|195734 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2009+YS6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 VY|17}} |
|||
| align="right" |148.419° |
|||
|November 5, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|108624 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+VY17}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 QO|33}} |
|||
| align="right" |148.826° |
|||
|August 16, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|45360 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+QO33}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2006 EX|52}} |
|||
| align="right" |150.148° |
|||
|March 5, 2006 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|62310 |
|||
|q=2.58 AU and period=274 yr |
|||
|{{MPC|2006+EX52}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|1999 LE|31}} |
|||
| align="right" |151.816° |
|||
|June 12, 1999 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|905838 |
|||
|A damocloid, [[List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets|Jupiter-]] and [[List of Saturn-crossing minor planets|Saturn-crossing minor planet]].<ref>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1999%20LE31;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1#cad 1999 LE31 approaches to Jupiter and Saturn]</ref> |
|||
|{{MPC|1999+LE31}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 SN|33}} |
|||
| align="right" |152.044° |
|||
|September 19, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|7590 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+SN33}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2018 WB|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |152.136° |
|||
|November 19, 2018 |
|||
| align="center" |7 |
|||
|351 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2018+WB1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 JK|24}} |
|||
| align="right" |152.326° |
|||
|March 3, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|181965 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+JK24}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 CW|32}} |
|||
| align="right" |152.438° |
|||
|February 2, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|51500 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+CW32}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(343158) 2009 HC|82}} |
|||
| align="right" |154.367° |
|||
|April 29, 2009 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|771834 |
|||
|[[Near-Earth object|NEO]] that sometimes has the highest [[relative velocity]] to Earth (79 km/s) of known objects that come within 0.5 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] of Earth. However, the relative velocity at 1 AU from the sun is less than 72 km/s. |
|||
|{{MPC|343158}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2013 LD|16}} |
|||
| align="right" |154.736° |
|||
|June 6, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|14148 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+LD16}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 FK|37}} |
|||
| align="right" |155.842° |
|||
|March 20, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|748 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+FK37}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 EB|46}} |
|||
| align="right" |156.376° |
|||
|March 12, 2010 |
|||
| align="center" |4 |
|||
|2460 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+EB46}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 XR|384}} |
|||
| align="right" |157.514° |
|||
|December 9, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|5580 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+XR384}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2000 HE|46}} |
|||
| align="right" |158.535° |
|||
|April 29, 2000 |
|||
| align="center" |2 |
|||
|25960 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2000+HE46}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2015 XX|351}} |
|||
| align="right" |159.092° |
|||
|December 9, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|21120 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2015+XX351}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 BD|86}} |
|||
| align="right" |159.221° |
|||
|January 28, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|60 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+BD86}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2012 TL|139}} |
|||
| align="right" |160.027° |
|||
|October 9, 2012 |
|||
| align="center" |3 |
|||
|900 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2012+TL139}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|2019 CR |
|||
| align="right" |160.341° |
|||
|February 4, 2019 |
|||
| align="center" |1 |
|||
|36993 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2019+CR}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[20461 Dioretsa]] |
|||
| align="right" |160.428° |
|||
|June 8, 1999 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|256779 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 1999/06/08 – 2004/07/13 |
|||
|{{MPC|20461}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2018 DO|4}} |
|||
| align="right" |160.475° |
|||
|February 25, 2018 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|261726 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2018+DO4}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2017 JB|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |160.735° |
|||
|May 4, 2017 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|6844 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2017+JB6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|523800|{{mp|(523800) 2017 KZ|31}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |161.695° |
|||
|June 23, 2015 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|119280 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|523800}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela]] |
|||
| align="right" |163.022° |
|||
|November 26, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|74898 |
|||
|A Jupiter [[Co-orbital configuration|co-orbital]]. First known example of a retrograde co-orbital asteroid with any of the planets. Might have an interstellar origin. |
|||
|{{MPC|514107}}[http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~wiegert/2015BZ509/ Src] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2006 RJ|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |164.601° |
|||
|September 14, 2006 |
|||
| align="center" |5 |
|||
|2849 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2006+RJ2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2006 BZ|8}} |
|||
| align="right" |165.311° |
|||
|January 23, 2006 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|207459 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2006+BZ8}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2004 NN|8}} |
|||
| align="right" |165.525° |
|||
|July 13, 2004 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|}} |
|||
|23944 |
|||
|Came within 0.80 AU of Saturn on 2007-Jun-05, most highly inclined known minor planet from 2004/07/13-2005/11/01 |
|||
|{{MPC|2004+NN8}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|459870|{{mp|(459870) 2014 AT|28}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |165.558° |
|||
|November 26, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|186598 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|459870}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 DF|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |167.030° |
|||
|February 28, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|26 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+DF2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|330759|{{mp|(330759) 2008 SO|218}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |170.324° |
|||
|September 30, 2008 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|1058616 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|330759}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 UV|114}} |
|||
| align="right" |170.569° |
|||
|October 26, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|34 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+UV114}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2014 CW|14}} |
|||
| align="right" |170.764° |
|||
|February 10, 2014 |
|||
| align="center" |4 |
|||
|1938 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2014+CW14}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2018 TL|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |170.919° |
|||
|October 5, 2018 |
|||
| align="center" |7 |
|||
|270 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2018+TL6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2016 EJ|203}} |
|||
| align="right" |170.988° |
|||
|March 11, 2016 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|18081 |
|||
|— |
|||
|{{MPC|2016+EJ203}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2006 LM|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |172.138° |
|||
|June 3, 2006 |
|||
| align="center" |{{sort|9|?}} |
|||
|48 |
|||
|Has a data arc of only 2 days, but has a very high inclination |
|||
|{{MPC|2006+LM1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[(434620) 2005 VD]] |
|||
| align="right" |172.872° |
|||
|November 1, 2005 |
|||
| align="center" |0 |
|||
|228965 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 2005/11/01 – 2013/06/01 |
|||
|{{MPC|434620}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2013 LA|2}} |
|||
| align="right" |175.095° |
|||
|June 1, 2013 |
|||
| align="center" |6 |
|||
|1075 |
|||
|لديه أعلى ميل من أي كوكب صغير معروف |
|||
|{{MPC|2013+LA2}} |
|||
|} |
|||
=== مائل بشدة === |
=== مائل بشدة === |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
! width="180" |التسمية الثانوية |
|||
![[زاوية ميلان|زاوية الميلان]] ([[Degree (angle)|°]]) |
|||
! width="140" |تاريخ الاكتشاف |
|||
!تعليقات |
|||
! class="unsortable" |مراجع |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|1 Ceres]] |
|||
| align="right" |10.593° |
|||
|January 1, 1801 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 1801/01/01 – 1802/03/28 |
|||
|{{MPC|1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2 Pallas]] |
|||
| align="right" |34.841° |
|||
|March 28, 1802 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 1802/03/28 – 1920/10/31 |
|||
|{{MPC|2}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[944 Hidalgo]] |
|||
| align="right" |42.525° |
|||
|October 31, 1920 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 1920/10/31 – 1950/05/22 |
|||
|{{MPC|944}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1373 Cincinnati]] |
|||
| align="right" |38.949° |
|||
|August 30, 1935 |
|||
|First main-belt asteroid discovered to have an inclination greater than 2 Pallas. Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1935/08/30 – 1980/06/14 |
|||
|{{MPC|1373}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1580 Betulia]] |
|||
| align="right" |52.083° |
|||
|May 22, 1950 |
|||
|most highly inclined known minor planet from 1950/05/22 – 1973/07/04 |
|||
|{{MPC|1580}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2938 Hopi]] |
|||
| align="right" |41.436° |
|||
|June 14, 1980 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1980/06/14 – 2000/09/20 |
|||
|{{MPC|2938}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[(5496) 1973 NA]] |
|||
| align="right" |67.999° |
|||
|July 4, 1973 |
|||
|An [[Apollo asteroid]], [[Mars-crosser]] and +1 km [[Near-Earth object|NEO]]; most highly inclined known minor planet from 4 July 1973 to 8 August 1999. |
|||
|{{MPC|5496}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|22653|{{mp|(22653) 1998 QW|2}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |45.794° |
|||
|August 17, 1998 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1998/08/17 – 1998/10/19 |
|||
|{{MPC|22653}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|88043|{{mp|(88043) 2000 UE|110}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |51.998° |
|||
|October 29, 2000 |
|||
|First main-belt asteroid discovered and numbered to have an inclination greater than 50°. |
|||
|{{MPC|88043}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|138925|{{mp|(138925) 2001 AU|43}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |72.132° |
|||
|January 4, 2001 |
|||
|A [[Mars-crosser asteroid|Mars-crosser]] and [[near-Earth object]]. |
|||
|{{MPC|138925}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(127546) 2002 XU|93}} |
|||
| align="right" |77.904° |
|||
|December 4, 2002 |
|||
|A damocloid and [[Scattered disk object|SDO]]. It is almost a [[Uranus]] outer-grazer. |
|||
|{{MPC|127546}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(196256) 2003 EH|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |70.790° |
|||
|March 6, 2003 |
|||
|A [[Mars-crosser asteroid|Mars-crosser]], [[near-Earth object]] and Jupiter inner-grazer. |
|||
|{{MPC|196256}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|1998 UQ|1}} |
|||
| align="right" |64.281° |
|||
|October 19, 1998 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1998/10/19-2007/11/01 |
|||
|{{MPC|1998+UQ1}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LoMP|467372|{{mp|(467372) 2004 LG}}}} |
|||
| align="right" |70.725° |
|||
|June 9, 2004 |
|||
|A [[Mercury-crosser asteroid|Mercury-]] through [[Mars-crosser asteroid|Mars-crosser]] and [[near-Earth object]]. |
|||
|{{MPC|467372}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2007 VR|6}} |
|||
| align="right" |68.659° |
|||
|November 1, 2007 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 2007/11/01 – 2008/09/26 |
|||
|{{MPC|2007+VR6}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2008 SB|85}} |
|||
| align="right" |74.247° |
|||
|September 26, 2008 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 2008/09/26 – 2010/03/08(?) |
|||
|{{MPC|2008+SB85}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mp|2010 EQ|169}} |
|||
| align="right" |91.606° |
|||
|March 8, 2010 |
|||
|Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid(?) (orbit is not well-known) |
|||
|{{MPC|2010+EQ169}} |
|||
|} |
|||
=== |
=== الطروادات === |
||
* [[طروادة أرضية]] |
|||
* [[طروادة مريخية]] |
|||
* [[طروادة مشترية]] |
|||
=== الرقم القياسى لأدنى اقتراب من الأرض === |
=== الرقم القياسى لأدنى اقتراب من الأرض === |
||
[[:en:List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth|قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة الأكثر اقترابا من الأرض]] |
|||
== تمت مشاهدته بالتفصيل == |
== تمت مشاهدته بالتفصيل == |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
! width="140" |الاسم |
|||
![[قطر (هندسة)|القطر]](بالكيلومتر) |
|||
!تاريخ الاكتشاف |
|||
!المركبة الفضائية |
|||
!عام(أعوام) |
|||
!أقرب اقتراب (بالكيلومتر) |
|||
!الأقرب اقترابا(نصف قطر الكويكب) |
|||
!ملاحظات |
|||
! class="unsortable" |نقطة (نقاط) الاستدلال |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000001|[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|1 Ceres]]}} |
|||
|952 |
|||
|{{dts|1801|1|1}} |
|||
|''[[Dawn Mission|Dawn]]'' |
|||
|2014–present |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|200|prefix=approx. }} ''(planned)'' |
|||
|0.42 |
|||
|''Dawn'' took its first "close up" picture of Ceres in December 2014, and entered orbit in March 2015 |
|||
|First dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000004|[[4 Vesta]]}} |
|||
|529 |
|||
|{{dts|1807|3|29}} |
|||
|''[[Dawn Mission|Dawn]]'' |
|||
|2011–2012 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|210}} |
|||
|0.76 |
|||
|''Dawn'' broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres, where it arrived in March 2015 |
|||
|First "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000021|[[21 Lutetia]]}} |
|||
|120×100×80 |
|||
|{{dts|1852|11|15}} |
|||
|''[[Rosetta space probe|Rosetta]]'' |
|||
|2010 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|3,162}} |
|||
|64.9 |
|||
|Flyby on 10 July 2010 |
|||
|Largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000243|[[243 Ida]]}} |
|||
|56×24×21 |
|||
|{{dts|1884|9|29}} |
|||
|''[[Galileo spacecraft|Galileo]]'' |
|||
|1993 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|2,390}} |
|||
|152 |
|||
|Flyby; discovered [[Dactyl (moon)|Dactyl]] |
|||
|First asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000253|[[253 Mathilde]]}} |
|||
|66×48×46 |
|||
|{{dts|1885|11|12}} |
|||
|''[[NEAR Shoemaker]]'' |
|||
|1997 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|1,212}} |
|||
|49.5 |
|||
|Flyby |
|||
|Largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000433|[[433 Eros]]}} |
|||
|13×13×33 |
|||
|{{dts|1898|8|13}} |
|||
|''[[NEAR Shoemaker]]'' |
|||
|1998–2001 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|0}} |
|||
|0 |
|||
|1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing |
|||
|First asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|000951|[[951 Gaspra]]}} |
|||
|18.2×10.5×8.9 |
|||
|{{dts|1916|7|30}} |
|||
|''[[Galileo spacecraft|Galileo]]'' |
|||
|1991 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|1,600}} |
|||
|262 |
|||
|Flyby |
|||
|first asteroid visited by a spacecraft |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|002867|[[2867 Šteins]]}} |
|||
|4.6 |
|||
|{{dts|1969|11|4}} |
|||
|''[[Rosetta space probe|Rosetta]]'' |
|||
|2008 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|800}} |
|||
|302 |
|||
|Flyby |
|||
|First asteroid visited by the [[European Space Agency|ESA]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|004179|[[4179 Toutatis]]}} |
|||
|4.5×~2 |
|||
|{{dts|1934|2|10}} |
|||
|''[[Chang'e 2]]'' |
|||
|2012 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|3.2}} |
|||
|0.70 |
|||
|Flyby<ref>[http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/small-bodies/change-2-images-of-toutatis.html Chang'E 2 images of Toutatis – December 13, 2012 – The Planetary Society]</ref> |
|||
|Closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by China |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|005535|[[5535 Annefrank]]}} |
|||
|4.0 |
|||
|{{dts|1942|3|23}} |
|||
|''[[Stardust (spacecraft)|Stardust]]'' |
|||
|2002 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|3,079}} |
|||
|1230 |
|||
|Flyby |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|009969|[[9969 Braille]]}} |
|||
|2.2×0.6 |
|||
|{{dts|1992|5|27}} |
|||
|''[[Deep Space 1]]'' |
|||
|1999 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|26}} |
|||
|12.7 |
|||
|Flyby; followed by flyby of [[19P/Borrelly|Comet Borrelly]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|025143|[[25143 Itokawa]]}} |
|||
|0.5×0.3×0.2 |
|||
|{{dts|1998|9|26}} |
|||
|''[[Hayabusa]]'' |
|||
|2005 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|0}} |
|||
|0 |
|||
|Landed; returned dust samples to Earth |
|||
|First asteroid with returned samples, smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|162173|[[162173 Ryugu]]}} |
|||
|1.0 |
|||
|{{dts|1999|5|10}} |
|||
|''[[Hayabusa2]]'' |
|||
|2018–2019 |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|0}} |
|||
|0 |
|||
|Multiple landers/rovers, sample return |
|||
|First rovers on an asteroid |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sort|101955|[[101955 Bennu]]}} |
|||
|0.492 |
|||
|{{dts|1999|9|11}} |
|||
|''[[OSIRIS-REx]]'' |
|||
|2018–present |
|||
| align="right" |{{nts|0}} ''(planned)'' |
|||
|0 ''(planned)'' |
|||
|Sample return |
|||
|Smallest asteroid orbited, potentially hazardous object |
|||
|} |
|||
=== أهداف المركبات الفضائية === |
=== أهداف المركبات الفضائية === |
||
* [[قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة والمذنبات التي زارتها مركبات فضائية]] |
|||
=== السطوح التي اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب أو المنحنيات الضوئية === |
=== السطوح التي اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب أو المنحنيات الضوئية === |
||
* [[1 Ceres]] |
|||
=== أنظمة متعددة اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب === |
|||
* [[2 Pallas]] |
|||
* [[3 Juno]] |
|||
* [[4 Vesta]] |
|||
* [[5 Astraea]] |
|||
* [[6 Hebe]] |
|||
* [[7 Iris]] |
|||
* [[8 Flora]] |
|||
* [[9 Metis]] |
|||
* [[10 Hygiea]] |
|||
* [[Koronis family]] |
|||
* [[12 Victoria]] |
|||
* [[13 Egeria]] |
|||
* [[14 Irene]] |
|||
* [[15 Eunomia]] |
|||
* [[16 Psyche]] |
|||
* [[18 Melpomene]] |
|||
* [[26 Proserpina]] |
|||
* [[29 Amphitrite]] |
|||
* [[35 Leukothea]] |
|||
* [[37 Fides]] |
|||
* [[51 Nemausa]] |
|||
* [[52 Europa]] |
|||
* [[65 Cybele]] |
|||
* [[87 Sylvia]] |
|||
* [[89 Julia]] |
|||
* [[121 Hermione]] |
|||
* [[130 Elektra]] |
|||
* [[201 Penelope]] |
|||
* [[216 Kleopatra]] |
|||
* [[324 Bamberga]] |
|||
* [[511 Davida]] |
|||
* [[925 Alphonsina]] |
|||
* [[1140 Crimea]] |
|||
* [[9969 Braille]] |
|||
* [[(33342) 1998 WT24]] |
|||
* [[66391 Moshup]] |
|||
* [[(136617) 1994 CC]] |
|||
* [[(285263) 1998 QE2]] |
|||
* [[(357439) 2004 BL86]] |
|||
=== أنظمة متعددة اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب === |
|||
{{main|قمر الكوكب الصغير}} |
|||
*[[90 Antiope]] |
|||
=== نشاط يشبه المذنب === |
=== نشاط يشبه المذنب === |
||
{{main|حزام المذنبات الرئيسي}} |
|||
*[[2006 VW139]] |
|||
*[[P/2013 P5]] |
|||
=== التفكك === |
=== التفكك === |
||
*[[6478 Gault]] |
|||
*[[P/2013 R3]] |
|||
== المخطط الزمني == |
== المخطط الزمني == |
||
=== الكويكبات التاريخية === |
=== الكويكبات التاريخية === |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! width="140" |الاسم |
|||
![[قطر (هندسة)|القطر]] (بالكيلومتر) |
|||
! width="140" |تاريخ الاكتشاف |
|||
!تعليقات |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1 Ceres]] |
|||
|939 |
|||
|January 1, 1801 |
|||
|First asteroid discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[5 Astraea]] |
|||
|117 |
|||
|December 8, 1845 |
|||
|First asteroid discovered after original four (38 years later) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[20 Massalia]] |
|||
|136 |
|||
|September 19, 1852 |
|||
|First asteroid named after [[Marseille|city]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[45 Eugenia]] |
|||
|202 |
|||
|June 27, 1857 |
|||
|First asteroid named after [[Eugénie de Montijo|living person]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[87 Sylvia]] |
|||
|261 |
|||
|May 16, 1866 |
|||
|First asteroid known to have more than one moon (determined in 2005) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[90 Antiope]] |
|||
|80×80 |
|||
|October 1, 1866 |
|||
|Double asteroid with two nearly equal components; its double nature was discovered using [[adaptive optics]] in 2000 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[92 Undina]] |
|||
|126 |
|||
|1867 July 7 |
|||
|Created in one of the largest asteroid-on-asteroid collisions of the past 100 million years |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[216 Kleopatra]] |
|||
|217×94 |
|||
|April 10, 1880 |
|||
|Metallic asteroid with "ham-bone" shape and 2 satellites |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[243 Ida]] |
|||
|56×24×21 |
|||
|September 29, 1884 |
|||
|First asteroid known to have a [[Minor-planet moon|moon]] (determined in 1994) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Dactyl (moon)|243 Ida I Dactyl]] |
|||
|1.4 |
|||
|February 17, 1994 |
|||
|Moon of [[243 Ida]], first confirmed satellite of an asteroid |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[279 Thule]] |
|||
|127 |
|||
|October 25, 1888 |
|||
|Orbits in the asteroid belt's outermost edge in a 3:4 [[orbital resonance]] with Jupiter |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[288 Glauke]] |
|||
|32 |
|||
|February 20, 1890 |
|||
|Exceptionally slow rotation period of about 1200 hours (2 months) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[323 Brucia]] |
|||
|36 |
|||
|December 22, 1891 |
|||
|First asteroid discovered by means of [[astrophotography]] rather than visual observation |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[433 Eros]] |
|||
|13×13×33 |
|||
|August 13, 1898 |
|||
|First [[near-Earth asteroid]] discovered and the second largest; first asteroid to be detected by radar; first asteroid orbited and landed upon |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[482 Petrina]] |
|||
|23.3 |
|||
|March 3, 1902 |
|||
|First asteroid named after dog |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[490 Veritas]] |
|||
|115 |
|||
|September 3, 1902 |
|||
|Created in one of the largest asteroid-on-asteroid collisions of the past 100 million years |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[588 Achilles]] |
|||
|135.5 |
|||
|February 22, 1906 |
|||
|First [[Jupiter trojan]] discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[624 Hektor]] |
|||
|370×195 |
|||
|February 10, 1907 |
|||
|Largest [[Jupiter trojan]] discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[719 Albert]] |
|||
|2.4 |
|||
|October 3, 1911 |
|||
|Last numbered asteroid to be lost then recovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[935 Clivia]] |
|||
|6.4 |
|||
|September 7, 1920 |
|||
|First asteroid named after [[List of minor planets named after animals and plants#Plants|flower]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1090 Sumida]] |
|||
|13 |
|||
|February 20, 1928 |
|||
|Lowest numbered asteroid with no English Wikipedia entry |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1125 China]] |
|||
|27 |
|||
|October 30, 1957 |
|||
|First asteroid discovery to be credited to an institution rather than a person |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1566 Icarus]] |
|||
|1.4 |
|||
|June 27, 1949 |
|||
|First [[List of Mercury-crossing minor planets|Mercury crosser]] discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1902 Shaposhnikov]] |
|||
|97 |
|||
|April 18, 1972 |
|||
|Last ~100+ km in diameter asteroid discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2309 Mr. Spock]] |
|||
|21.3 |
|||
|August 16, 1971 |
|||
|First asteroid named after cat |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[3200 Phaethon]] |
|||
|5 |
|||
|October 11, 1983 |
|||
|First asteroid discovered from space; source of [[Geminids]] [[meteor shower]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[3753 Cruithne]] |
|||
|5 |
|||
|October 10, 1986 |
|||
|Unusual Earth-associated orbit |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[4179 Toutatis]] |
|||
|4.5×2.4×1.9 |
|||
|January 4, 1989 |
|||
|Closely approached Earth on September 29, 2004 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[4769 Castalia]] |
|||
|1.8×0.8 |
|||
|August 9, 1989 |
|||
|First asteroid to be [[radar]]-imaged in sufficient detail for [[3D modeling]]<ref>{{cite press release|title=1994 Release #9412|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=1994-02-18|url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/94/release_1994_9412.html|accessdate=2008-04-17}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[5261 Eureka]] |
|||
|~2–4 |
|||
|June 20, 1990 |
|||
|First [[Mars trojan]] ([[Lagrangian point]] {{L5}}) discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[11885 Summanus]] |
|||
|1.3 |
|||
|September 25, 1990 |
|||
|First automated discovery of a [[near-Earth object]] (NEO) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[(29075) 1950 DA]] |
|||
|1.1 |
|||
|February 23, 1950 |
|||
|Will approach Earth very closely in 2880, collision unlikely (1 in 8,300 or 0.012%) <ref name="impact-risk-summary" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[69230 Hermes]] |
|||
|0.3 |
|||
|October 28, 1937 |
|||
|Named but not numbered until its recovery in 2003 (65 years later) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[99942 Apophis]] |
|||
|0.3 |
|||
|June 19, 2004 |
|||
|First asteroid to rank greater than one on the [[Torino Scale]] (it was ranked at 2, then 4; now down to 0). Previously better known by its [[provisional designation]] 2004 MN<sub>4</sub>. |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|(433953) 1997 XR|2}} |
|||
|0.23 |
|||
|December 4, 1997 |
|||
|First asteroid to rank greater than zero on the impact-risk [[Torino Scale]] (it was ranked 1; now at 0) |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|1998 KY|26}} |
|||
|0.030 |
|||
|June 2, 1998 |
|||
|Approached within 800,000 km of Earth |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2002 AA|29}} |
|||
|0.1 |
|||
|January 9, 2002 |
|||
|Unusual Earth-associated orbit |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2004 FH]] |
|||
|0.030 |
|||
|March 15, 2004 |
|||
|Discovered before it approached within 43,000 km of Earth on March 18, 2004. |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2008 TC|3}} |
|||
|~0.003 |
|||
|October 6, 2008 |
|||
|First Earth-impactor to be spotted ''before'' impact (on October 7, 2008) |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{mpl|2010 TK|7}} |
|||
|~0.3 |
|||
|October 2010 |
|||
|First [[Earth trojan]] to be discovered |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2014 RC]] |
|||
|~0.017 |
|||
|September 1, 2014 |
|||
|Asteroid with fastest rotation: 16.2 seconds |
|||
|} |
|||
=== الكواكب الثانوية المرقمة وبنفس الوقت هي من المذنبات === |
=== الكواكب الثانوية المرقمة وبنفس الوقت هي من المذنبات === |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! width="180" |الاسم |
|||
! width="180" |اسم المذنب |
|||
!تعليقات |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2060 Chiron]] |
|||
|95P/Chiron |
|||
|First [[Centaur (minor planet)|centaur]] discovered in 1977, later identified to exhibit cometary behaviour. Also one of two minor planets known to have a [[Rings of Chiron|ring system]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[4015 Wilson–Harrington]] |
|||
|107P/Wilson–Harrington |
|||
|In 1992, it was realized that asteroid 1979 VA's orbit matched it with the positions of the lost comet Wilson–Harrington (1949 III) |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[7968 Elst–Pizarro]] |
|||
|133P/Elst–Pizarro |
|||
|Discovered in 1996 as a comet, but orbitally matched to asteroid {{mp|1979 OW|7}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[60558 Echeclus]] |
|||
|174P/Echeclus |
|||
|Centaur discovered in 2000, comet designation assigned in 2006 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[118401 LINEAR]] |
|||
|176P/LINEAR (LINEAR 52) |
|||
|[[Main-belt comet]][[Asteroid|–asteroid]] discovered to have a [[Coma (cometary)|coma]] on November 26, 2005 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== الكواكب الصغرى التي سميت خطأ وأعيدت تسميتها === |
=== الكواكب الصغرى التي سميت خطأ وأعيدت تسميتها === |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! width="210" |اسم الكوكب أو اسم الكوكب الصغير |
|||
!الوصف |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[330 Adalberta]] |
|||
|An object discovered March 18, 1892 by [[Max Wolf]] with provisional designation "1892 X" was named [[330 Adalberta]], but was lost and never recovered. In 1982 it was determined that the observations leading to the designation of 1892 X were stars, and the object never existed. The name and number 330 Adalberta was then reused for another asteroid discovered by Max Wolf on February 2, 1910, which had the provisional designation A910 CB. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[525 Adelaide]] and [[1171 Rusthawelia]] |
|||
|The object A904 EB discovered March 14, 1904 by [[Max Wolf]] was named [[525 Adelaide]] and was subsequently lost. Later, the object [[1930 TA]] discovered October 3, 1930 by [[Sylvain Arend]] was named [[1171 Rusthawelia]]. In those pre-computer days, it was not realized until 1958 that these were one and the same object. The name Rusthawelia was kept (and discovery credited to Arend); the name 525 Adelaide was reused for the object 1908 EKa discovered October 21, 1908 by [[Joel Hastings Metcalf]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[715 Transvaalia]] and [[933 Susi]] |
|||
|The object 1911 LX discovered April 22, 1911 by [[H. E. Wood]] was named [[715 Transvaalia]]. On April 23, 1920, the object 1920 GZ was discovered and named [[933 Susi]]. In 1928 it was realized that these were one and the same object. The name Transvaalia was kept, and the name and number 933 Susi was reused for the object 1927 CH discovered February 10, 1927 by [[Karl Reinmuth]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[864 Aase]] and [[1078 Mentha]] |
|||
|The object A917 CB discovered February 13, 1917 by [[Max Wolf]] was named [[864 Aase]], and the object 1926 XB discovered December 7, 1926 by [[Karl Reinmuth]] was named [[1078 Mentha]]. In 1958 it was discovered that these were one and the same object. In 1974, this was resolved by keeping the name 1078 Mentha and reusing the name and number [[864 Aase]] for the object [[1921 KE]], discovered September 30, 1921 by [[Karl Reinmuth]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1095 Tulipa]] and [[1449 Virtanen]] |
|||
|The object 1928 DC discovered February 24, 1928 by [[Karl Reinmuth]] was named [[1095 Tulipa]], and the object 1938 DO discovered February 20, 1938 by [[Yrjö Väisälä]] was named [[1449 Virtanen]]. In 1966 it was discovered that these were one and the same object. The name 1449 Virtanen was kept and the name and number 1095 Tulipa was reused for the object 1926 GS discovered April 14, 1926 by [[Karl Reinmuth]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1125 China]] and [[3789 Zhongguo]] |
|||
|The object 1928 UF discovered October 25, 1928 by [[Zhang Yuzhe]] (Y. C. Chang) was named [[1125 China]], and was later lost. Later, the object {{mp|1957 UN|1}} was discovered on October 30, 1957 at [[Purple Mountain Observatory]] and was initially incorrectly believed to be the rediscovery of the object 1928 UF. The name and number 1125 China were then reused for the object {{mp|1957 UN|1}}, and 1928 UF remained lost. In 1986, the object {{mpl|1986 QK|1}} was discovered and proved to be the real rediscovery of 1928 UF. This object was given the new number and name [[3789 Zhongguo]]. Note ''Zhongguo'' is the [[Mandarin Chinese]] word for "China", in [[pinyin]] transliteration. |
|||
|- |
|||
|Asteroid 1317 and [[787 Moskva]] |
|||
|The object 1914 UQ discovered April 20, 1914 by [[G. N. Neujmin]] was named [[787 Moskva]] (and retains that name to this day). The object 1934 FD discovered on March 19, 1934 by [[C. Jackson]] was given the sequence number 1317. In 1938, G. N. Neujmin found that asteroid 1317 and 787 Moskva were one and the same object. The sequence number 1317 was later reused for the object 1935 RC discovered on September 1, 1935 by [[Karl Reinmuth]]; that object is now known as [[1317 Silvretta]]. |
|||
|} |
|||
== أرقام المعالم == |
== أرقام المعالم == |
||
==انظر أيضا== |
==انظر أيضا== |
||
سطر 54: | سطر 2٬533: | ||
== مراجع == |
== مراجع == |
||
{{مراجع}} |
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<references /> |
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== روابط خارجية == |
== روابط خارجية == |
||
{{ |
{{كويكبات}} |
||
{{بذرة|2=قائمة كويكبات واضحة}}{{شريط بوابات|استكشاف|فضاء|المجموعة الشمسية|علم الفلك}} |
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{{مقالات بحاجة لشريط بوابات}} |
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[[تصنيف:كواكب]] |
[[تصنيف:كواكب]] |
||
[[تصنيف:كويكبات]] |
[[تصنيف:كويكبات]] |
نسخة 11:45، 2 مارس 2020
هذه مقالة غير مراجعة.(فبراير 2020) |
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. (فبراير 2020) |
| |||
قائمة كويكبات واضحة فيما يلي مجموعة من قوائم الكويكبات الاستثنائية في النظام الشمسي. لأغراض هذه المقالة مصطلح "الكويكب" يعني كوكب صغير وصولا إلى مدار كوكب المشتري والذي يتضمن الكوكب القزم سيريس. للحصول على قائمة كاملة بالكواكب الصغيرة بالترتيب العددي، انظر قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة.
تسمى الكويكبات بأرقام الكواكب الصغيرة، ولا تعتبر كل الكواكب الصغيرة كويكبات. تحصل الكويكبات على رقم تعريف متسلسل فريد بمجرد تحديد مدارها بدقة، وقبل ذلك، لا يُعرف عنها سوى باسمهاالنظامي أو بتسمية مؤقتة، مثل دا 1950.
الخصائص الفيزيائية
الأكبر من حيث القطر
تقدير أحجام الكويكبات عبر الملاحظات أمر صعب ويعود ذلك إلى كون أشكالها غير نظامية، وإختلاف وضاءاتها وصغر قطرها الزاوي. وعلى سبيل المثال، الكويكبات النقية من النوع سي أو (بالإنجليزية: C-type) هي أغمق بكثير من معظم الكويكبات. قد يكون للكويكبات التي لها محور واحد أو محورين فقط قياسات متوسط هندسي متضخم ةبشكل زائف في حال كان المحور الثاني أو الثالث المجهول أصغر بكثير من المحور الأساسي. بلغ قطر الكويكب 16 سايكي الذي تم قياسه بواسطة القمر الصناعي إراس (253 كيلومترا)، وحاليا تتوفر معلومات أكثر حداثة ودقة عن متوسطه الهندسي بما يعادل (186 كيلومترا) فقط.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الاسم | القطر (بالكيلومتر) |
الأبعاد(بالكيلومتر) | متوسط المسافة من الشمس (بالوحدة الفلكية) |
تاريخ الاكتشاف | المكتشف | الفئة |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Ceres | 939.4±0.2 | 964.4 × 964.2 × 891.8 | 2.766 | يناير 1, 1801 | Piazzi, G. | G |
4 Vesta | 525.4±0.2 | 572.6 × 557.2 × 446.4 ± 0.2 | 2.362 | مارس 29, 1807 | Olbers, H. W. | V |
2 Pallas | 512±3 | 550±4 × 516±3 × 476±3 كـم[1] | 2.773 | مارس 28, 1802 | Olbers, H. W. | B |
10 Hygiea | 434±14 | 450×430×424 | 3.139 | أبريل 12, 1849 | de Gasparis, A. | C |
704 Interamnia | 332±6 | 362×348×310 | 3.062 | أكتوبر 2, 1910 | Cerulli, V. | F |
52 Europa | 304±4 | 3.095 | فبراير 4, 1858 | Goldschmidt, H. | C | |
511 Davida | 289±21 | 3.168 | مايو 30, 1903 | Dugan, R. S. | C | |
87 Sylvia | 286±10 | 385×265×230 | 3.485 | مايو 16, 1866 | Pogson, N. R. | X |
15 Eunomia | 268±15 | 357×255×212 | 2.643 | يوليو 29, 1851 | de Gasparis, A. | S |
31 Euphrosyne | 267±3 | 3.149 | سبتمبر 1, 1854 | Ferguson, J. | C | |
451 Patientia | 254±3 | 3.059 | ديسمبر 4, 1899 | Charlois, A. | ||
624 Hektor | ?250±26 | (binary) | 5.235 | فبراير 10, 1907 | Kopff, A. | D |
3 Juno | 247±11 | 2.672 | سبتمبر 1, 1804 | Harding, K. L. | S | |
65 Cybele | 237±4 | 3.439 | مارس 8, 1861 | Tempel, E. W. | C | |
324 Bamberga | 229±7 | 2.684 | فبراير 25, 1892 | Palisa, J. | C | |
88 Thisbe | 225±12 | 255×232×193 | 2.769 | يونيو 15, 1866 | Peters, C. H. F. | B |
532 Herculina | 222±4 | 260×220×215 | 2.772 | أبريل 20, 1904 | Wolf, M. | S |
48 Doris | 216±5 | 3.108 | سبتمبر 19, 1857 | Goldschmidt, H. | C | |
375 Ursula | 216 | 189×192×194 | 3.126 | سبتمبر 18, 1893 | Charlois, A. | |
107 Camilla | 215 | 285×205×170 | 3.476 | نوفمبر 17, 1868 | Pogson, N. R. | C |
45 Eugenia | 213 | 305×220×145 | 2.720 | يونيو 27, 1857 | Goldschmidt, H. | F |
7 Iris | 213 | 240×200×200 | 2.386 | أغسطس 13, 1847 | Hind, J. R. | S |
29 Amphitrite | 212 | 233×212×193 | 2.554 | مارس 1, 1854 | Marth, A. | S |
423 Diotima | 209 | 171×138 | 3.065 | ديسمبر 7, 1896 | Charlois, A. | C |
19 Fortuna | 208 | 225×205×195 | 2.442 | أغسطس 22, 1852 | Hind, J. R. | G |
13 Egeria | 206 | 217×196 | 2.576 | نوفمبر 2, 1850 | de Gasparis, A. | G |
24 Themis | 198 | spheroid 198 | 3.136 | أبريل 5, 1853 | de Gasparis, A. | C |
94 Aurora | 197 | 225×173 | 3.160 | سبتمبر 6, 1867 | Watson, J. C. | C |
702 Alauda | 195 | 97.365±1.6 km | 3.195 | يوليو 16, 1910 | Helffrich, J. | C/B |
121 Hermione | 190 | 268×186×183 | 3.457 | مايو 12, 1872 | Watson, J. C. | C |
259 Aletheia | 190 | 178×190 | 3.135 | يونيو 28, 1886 | Peters, C. H. F. | C/P/X |
372 Palma | 189 | 188 | 3.149 | أغسطس 19, 1893 | Charlois, A. | B |
128 Nemesis | 188 | 188 | 2.751 | نوفمبر 25, 1872 | Watson, J. C. | C |
6 Hebe | 186 | 205x185x170 | 2.426 | يوليو 1, 1847 | Hencke, K. L. | S |
16 Psyche | 186 | 240×185×145 | 2.924 | مارس 17, 1852 | de Gasparis, A. | M |
120 Lachesis | 174 | 184x144 | 3.301 | أبريل 10, 1872 | Borrelly, A. | C |
41 Daphne | 174 | 213x160 | 2.765 | مايو 22, 1856 | Goldschmidt, H. | C |
9 Metis | 174 | 222x182x130 | 2.385 | أبريل 25, 1848 | Graham, A. | S |
عدد الأجرام يكبر بسرعة كلما انخفض حجمها. واستنادا إلى بيانات القمر الصناعي إراس فإن هنالك حوالي 140 حزام كويكبات بقطر أكبر من 120 كم.[2] للحصول على قائمة أكثر اكتمالا، انظر قائمة أجرام المجموعة الشمسية مرتبة حسب الحجم.
الأكثر ضخامة
وفيما يلي قائمة من تسعة عشر كويكب الأكثر ضخامة.[3] وتحسب كتل الكويكبات من خلال الاضطرابات التي تحدثها على مدارات الكويكبات الأخرى، باستثناء الكويكبات التي زارتها المركبات الفضائية أو التي يمكن ملاحظتها، حيث يمكن تحديد الكتلة مباشرة. وتؤدي مجموعات مختلفة من عمليات القياسات الفلكية إلى تحديدات كتل مختلفة، وتكمن المشكلة الأكبر في حساب الاضطرابات الإجمالية الناجمة عن جميع هذه الكويكبات الصغيرة.[4]
الاسم | الكتلة (×1018 كغ) |
الدقة | نسبة تقريبة من جميع الكويكبات | ترتيب القطر |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 Ceres | 938.35 | 0.0001% (938.34–938.36) | 31% | 1 |
4 Vesta | 259.076 | 0.0004% (259.075–259.077) | 8.6% | 2 |
2 Pallas | 201 | 6.5% (188–214) | 6.7% | 3 |
10 Hygiea | 83.2 | 1.7% (83.2–88.4) | 2.9% | 4 |
31 Euphrosyne | 58.1 ?[8] | 34% (38.4–77.8) | 1.9% ? | 12 |
704 Interamnia | 38.8 | 4.6% (37.0–40.6) | 1.3% | 5 |
511 Davida | 37.7 | 5.2% (35.7–39.7) | 1.3% | 7 |
532 Herculina | 33 | 17% (27–39) | 1.1% | 17 |
15 Eunomia | 31.8 | 0.9% (31.5–32.1) | 1.1% | 10 |
3 Juno | 28.6 | 16% (24.0–33.2) | 0.95% | 11 |
16 Psyche | 22.7 (2011) 24.1 (2018) |
3.7% (21.9–23.5) 13% (20.9–27.3) (2018) |
0.76% | 35 |
52 Europa | 22.7 | 7% (21.1–24.3) | 0.76% | 6 |
88 Thisbe | 18.3 | 6% (17.2–19.4) | 0.61% | 14 |
13 Egeria | 15.9 | 27% (11.5–20.3) | 0.53% | 26 |
29 Amphitrite | 15.2 | 4% (14.8–15.6) | 0.51% | 23 |
87 Sylvia | 14.78 | 0.4% (14.72–14.84) | 0.49% | 8 |
7 Iris | 13.75 | 9.5% (12.45–15.05) | 0.54% | 21 |
48 Doris | 12 | 50% (6–18) | 0.2%–0.4% | 18 |
Total | 1868.0 | NA | 62.0% | NA |
ولا تزال هناك شكوك كبيرة. على سبيل المثال، فإن عدم اليقين في تقدير 31 يوفروسيني يكفي لنهايته المنخفضة لتتداخل مع كل من 704 إنتيرامنيا و 511 Davida ، والتي تتداخل مع بعضها البعض وأيضا مع 532 Herculina، والتي تتداخل بدورها مع 15 إينوميا و 3 جونو. 3 جونو بالكاد يتداخل مع 52 أوروبا، والذي بدوره يتداخل مع 16 سايكي. ترتيب جميع الكويكبات خارج المراكز الأربعة الأولى أمر غير مؤكد. ومع ذلك ، لا شيء من الكويكبات الأقل ضخامة يتداخل مع 52 أوروبا و 16 سايكي، والتي يعتقد أن أكبرها ضخامةهو كويكب 88 Thisbe (بحجم 17–19×1018 كجم)، ايرس 7، 29 أمفيتريت و 48 دوريس (كلها في نطاق 15×1018 كجم)، لذلك من المرجح أن تكون الكويكبات الـ 12 الأولى في الرسم البياني أعلاه هي الأكبر ما لم يثبت وجود كويكب أضخم بشكل غير متوقع لم يتم حساب أبعاده حتى الآن.
أكبر الكويكبات التي تم قياس كتلها بدقة ، والتي كانت (ولازالت) دراستها قائمة باستخدام مسبار داون هي كويكيب سيريس بكتلة 939.3 ± 0.5×1018 kg ، و كويكب 4 فيستا بكتلة 259.076 ± 0.001×1018 kg . ثالث أكبر الكويكبات التي تم قياس كتلتها بدقة لاحتوائه على أقمار كان كويكب 87 Sylvia بكتلة 14.78 ± 0.06×1018 kg. للحصول على قائمة أكثر اكتمالاً، راجع قائمة أجرام المجموعة الشمسية مرتبة حسب الحجم. في الوقت الحالي تتوفر تقديرا فقط عن كتل الكويكبات الكبيرة الأخرى مثل 423 ديوتيما.[9][10]
الأكثر لمعانا
كويكب فيستا هو الكويكب الوحيد المشرق بما يكفي لينظر إليه بالعين المجردة.
الكويكبات التالية يمكن أن تصل إلى قدر ظاهري أكثر لمعانا من أو يساوي +8.3 والتي حققها قمر زحل تيتان في أكثر حالات لمعانه، والذي تم اكتشافه قبل 145 عاما من العثور على الكويكب الأول بسبب قربه من زحل وهو السبب الكامن وراء سهولة ملاحظته. لا يمكن لأي من الكويكبات في الجزء الخارجي من حزام الكويكبات تحقيق هذا السطوع. حتى كويكبي 10 هيجيا و 704 إنتيرامنيا فإنها نادرا ما قد تصل إلى قدر ظاهري أعلى من 10.0. ويعود سبب ذلك إلى التوزيعات المختلفة للأنواع الطيفية داخل الأقسام المختلفة من حزام الكويكبات. وتتركز أعلى الكويكبات بياضا بالقرب من مدار المريخ، والأدنى بياضا بكثير مثل الكويكبات من النوع C و الكويكبات من النوع D تعتبر أنواعا شائعة في الحزام الخارجي للكويكبات.
تلك الكويكبات ذات الانحرافات العالية جدا لن تصل إلى أقصى قدر ظاهري لها إلا في حالات نادرة، عندما يكون حضيضها قريبا جداً من اقتران المدار الشمسي المركز مع الأرض، أو في حالة كويكب 99942 أبوفيس عندما مر بشكل قريب جداُ من الأرض.
الكويكب | القدر الظاهري | محاور شبه رئيسية (وحدة فلكية | الانحراف المداري | القطر
(بالكيلومتر) |
اكتشف في عام |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
99942 Apophis | 3.4* | 0.922 | 0.191 | 0.32 | 2004 |
4 Vesta | 5.20 | 2.361 | 0.089172 | 529 | 1807 |
2 Pallas | 6.49 | 2.773 | 0.230725 | 544 | 1802 |
1 Ceres | 6.65 | 2.766 | 0.079905 | 952 | 1801 |
7 Iris | 6.73 | 2.385 | 0.231422 | 200 | 1847 |
433 Eros | 6.8 | 1.458 | 0.222725 | 34 × 11 × 11 | 1898 |
6 Hebe | 7.5 | 2.425 | 0.201726 | 186 | 1847 |
3 Juno | 7.5 | 2.668 | 0.258194 | 233 | 1804 |
18 Melpomene | 7.5 | 2.296 | 0.218708 | 141 | 1852 |
15 Eunomia | 7.9 | 2.643 | 0.187181 | 268 | 1851 |
8 Flora | 7.9 | 2.202 | 0.156207 | 128 | 1847 |
324 Bamberga | 8.0 | 2.682 | 0.338252 | 229 | 1892 |
1036 Ganymed | 8.1 | 2.6657 | 0.533710 | 32 | 1924 |
9 Metis | 8.1 | 2.387 | 0.121441 | 190 | 1848 |
192 Nausikaa | 8.2 | 2.404 | 0.246216 | 103 | 1879 |
20 Massalia | 8.3 | 2.409 | 0.142880 | 145 | 1852 |
*لن يحقق أبوفيس هذا السطوع إلا في 13 أبريل 2029.[11][12] وعادة ما يكون قدره الظاهري من 20 إلى 22.
الأبطأ دورانا
تحتوي هذه القائمة على أبطأ الكواكب الثانوية المعروفة بفترة تناوب لا تقل عن 1000 ساعة، أو 412⁄3 يوما. في حين أن معظم الأجرام لها فترة تناوب تتراوح بين 2 و 20 ساعة.
# | تسمية الكوكب الثانوية | فترة التناوب(بالساعات) | مقدار Δ | الجودة(U) | المدار أو العائلة | نوع الطيف | القطر(كم) | مقدار(H) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | (162058) 1997 AE12 | 1880 | 0.6 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.782 | 17.9 |
2. | 846 Lipperta | 1641 | 0.30 | 2 | Themis | CBU: | 52.41 | 10.26 |
3. | 2440 Educatio | 1561 | 0.80 | 2 | Flora | S | 6.51 | 13.1 |
4. | 912 Maritima | 1332 | 0.18 | 3− | MBA (outer) | C | 82.14 | 9.30 |
5. | 9165 Raup | 1320 | 1.34 | 3− | Hungaria | S | 4.62 | 13.60 |
6. | 1235 Schorria | 1265 | 1.40 | 3 | Hungaria | CX: | 5.04 | 13.10 |
7. | 50719 Elizabethgriffin | 1256 | 0.42 | 2 | Eunomia | S | 3.40 | 14.65 |
8. | (75482) 1999 XC173 | 1234.2 | 0.69 | 2 | Vestian | S | 2.96 | 15.01 |
9. | 288 Glauke | 1170 | 0.90 | 3 | MBA (outer) | S | 32.24 | 10.00 |
10. | (39546) 1992 DT5 | 1167.4 | 0.80 | 2 | MBA (outer) | C | 5.34 | 15.09 |
11. | 496 Gryphia | 1072 | 1.25 | 3 | Flora | S | 15.47 | 11.61 |
12. | 4524 Barklajdetolli | 1069 | 1.26 | 2 | Flora | S | 7.14 | 12.90 |
13. | 2675 Tolkien | 1060 | 0.75 | 2+ | Flora | S | 9.85 | 12.20 |
14. | (219774) 2001 YY145 | 1007.7 | 0.86 | 2 | MBA (inner) | S | 1.54 | 16.43 |
الأسرع دورانا
تحتوي هذه القائمة على الكواكب الصغرى الأسرع دورانًا والتي تقل فترة تناوبها عن 100 ثانية أو 0.027 ساعة. تم تعليم الأجرام ذات الفترات غير المؤكدة بشكل مطلق، والتي لها جودة (U) أقل من 2 ، باللون الرمادي الداكن. أسرع الأجسام الدوارة هي جميع الأجسام القريبة من الأرض(الغير مرقمة) و التي يقل قطرها عن 100 متر (انظر الجدول).
# | التسمية الثانوية للكويكب | فترة التناوب | مقدار Δ | الجودة(U) | المدار أو العائلة | نوع الطيف | القطر(كم) | مقدار(H) | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ثواني) | (ساعات) | |||||||||
1. | [[2014 RC{{{2}}}|2014 RC{{{2}}}]] | 16 | 0.004389 | 0.10 | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.012 | 26.80 | LCDB · MPC |
2. | 2015 SV6 | 18 | 0.00490 | 0.74 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.009 | 27.70 | LCDB · MPC |
3. | 2010 JL88 | 25 | 0.0068295 | 0.52 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.013 | 26.80 | LCDB · MPC |
4. | 2017 EK{{{2}}} | 30 | 0.0083 | 0.30 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.045 | 24.10 | LCDB · MPC |
5. | 2010 WA{{{2}}} | 31 | 0.0085799 | 0.22 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.003 | 30.00 | LCDB · MPC |
6. | 2017 UK8{{{2}}} | 31 | 0.0086309 | 1.30 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.007 | 28.20 | LCDB · MPC |
7. | 2016 GE1 | 34 | 0.009438 | 0.13 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.014 | 26.60 | LCDB · MPC |
8. | [[2008 HJ{{{2}}}|2008 HJ{{{2}}}]] | 43 | 0.01185 | 0.80 | 3− | NEO | S | 0.021 | 25.80 | LCDB · MPC |
9. | 2009 TM8 | 43 | 0.012 | – | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.006 | 28.40 | LCDB · MPC |
10. | 2015 SU{{{2}}} | 46 | 0.0127 | 0.20 | 2− | NEO | S | 0.025 | 25.40 | LCDB · MPC |
11. | 2010 SK13 | 52 | 0.0144 | – | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.01 | 27.40 | LCDB · MPC |
12. | 2009 BF2 | 57 | 0.01593 | 0.80 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.02 | 25.90 | LCDB · MPC |
13. | 2016 GS2 | 66 | 0.0182725 | 0.06 | 1 | NEO | S | 0.075 | 23.00 | LCDB · MPC |
14. | 2010 TG19 | 70 | 0.0193935 | 1.10 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.049 | 23.90 | LCDB · MPC |
15. | 2008 WA14 | 70 | 0.0195 | – | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.075 | 23.00 | LCDB · MPC |
16. | 2007 KE4 | 77 | 0.021408 | 0.38 | 3− | NEO | S | 0.027 | 25.20 | LCDB · MPC |
17. | 2000 DO8 | 78 | 0.0217 | 1.39 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.037 | 24.54 | LCDB · MPC |
18. | 2014 GQ17 | 78 | 0.0217 | 0.08 | 2− | NEO | S | 0.011 | 27.10 | LCDB · MPC |
19. | 2014 TV{{{2}}} | 79 | 0.02190 | 0.32 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.039 | 24.40 | LCDB · MPC |
20. | 2000 WH10 | 80 | 0.02221 | 0.66 | 3− | NEO | S | 0.094 | 22.50 | LCDB · MPC |
21. | 2012 HG2 | 82 | 0.0227 | – | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.012 | 27.00 | LCDB · MPC |
22. | 2010 TD54 | 83 | 0.0229317 | 0.92 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.005 | 28.90 | LCDB · MPC |
23. | 2010 TS19 | 83 | 0.023 | – | n.a. | NEO | S | 0.022 | 25.70 | LCDB · MPC |
24. | 2009 UD{{{2}}} | 84 | 0.023246 | 0.66 | 2+ | NEO | S | 0.011 | 27.20 | LCDB · MPC |
25. | 2014 WB366 | 86 | 0.0238 | 0.46 | 2+ | NEO | S | 0.033 | 24.80 | LCDB · MPC |
26. | 2015 RF36 | 90 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.062 | 23.40 | LCDB · MPC |
27. | 2015 AK45 | 93 | 0.0258 | 0.24 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.016 | 26.40 | LCDB · MPC |
28. | 2010 XE11 | 96 | 0.0265846 | 0.50 | 3 | NEO | S | 0.075 | 23.00 | LCDB · MPC |
29. | 2000 UK11 | 96 | 0.026599 | 0.28 | 2 | NEO | S | 0.026 | 25.30 | LCDB · MPC |
30. | 2016 RB1 | 96 | 0.02674 | 0.18 | 2+ | NEO | S | 0.007 | 28.30 | LCDB · MPC |
31. | 2015 CM{{{2}}} | 96 | 0.0268 | 0.53 | 3− | NEO | S | 0.018 | 26.10 | LCDB · MPC |
32. | 2008 TC3 | 97 | 0.0269409 | 1.02 | 3 | NEO | F | 0.004 | 30.90 | LCDB · MPC |
الخصائص المدارية
المتراجع
هو كوكب صغير بميول مدارية أكبر من 90 درجة (أكبر قدر ممكن هو 180 درجة) اتجاه مداره على شكل حركة تراجعية. من بين ما يقرب من 800،000 كوكب صغير معروف ، لا يوجد سوى 99 منها ذات حركة تراجعية (ما يشكل نسبة 0.01٪ من إجمالي الكواكب الصغيرة المعروفة).[13] مقارنة بوجود أكثر من 2000 مذنب ذات مدارات حركتها تراجعية. ما جعل مجموعة هذه الكواكب الصغيرة ذات الحركة التراجعية أندر مجموعة على الإطلاق. الكويكبات ذات الميول المدارية العالية هي إما كويكبات عابرة لمدار المريخ أو كويكبات من نوع داموكلودي.
التسمية الثانوية للكويكب | زاوية الميلان (°) | لوحظ لأول مرة /
تاريخ الاكتشاف |
رمز الحالة | Obs. × القوس[1] | تعليقات | مراجع |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 UX51 | 90.517° | October 27, 2017 | 0 | 79254 | — | MPC |
2018 SQ13 | 90.973° | September 21, 2018 | 17407 | — | MPC | |
2015 TN178 | 91.093° | October 8, 2015 | 0 | 38805 | — | MPC |
2005 SB223 | 91.294° | September 30, 2005 | 1 | 12200 | لديه مدار جيد التحديد | MPC |
2014 MH55 | 91.486° | June 29, 2014 | 6 | 96 | — | MPC |
2010 EQ169 | 91.607° | March 8, 2010 | ? | 15 | — | MPC |
2015 RK245 | 91.616° | September 13, 2015 | 0 | 184680 | — | MPC |
2016 TK2 | 92.336° | July 13, 2016 | 2 | 6075 | — | MPC |
(518151) 2016 FH13 | 93.551° | March 29, 2016 | 0 | 91561 | — | MPC |
2014 PP69 | 93.652° | August 5, 2014 | 1 | 8085 | — | MPC |
2015 BH311 | 94.160° | January 20, 2015 | ? | 39 | — | MPC |
2017 OX68 | 94.748° | July 26, 2017 | 8720 | — | MPC | |
2014 JJ57 | 95.924° | May 9, 2014 | 0 | 95710 | — | MPC |
2013 HS150 | 97.434° | April 16, 2013 | 220 | — | MPC | |
2013 BL76 | 98.592° | January 20, 2013 | 46716 | لديه محور شبه رئيسي 1254 وحدة فلكية، مما يعطيه ثالث أكبر محور شبه رئيسي من أي كوكب صغير آخر معروف | MPC | |
2010 GW147 | 99.835° | April 14, 2010 | 0 | 97888 | — | MPC |
2011 MM4 | 100.482° | June 24, 2011 | 0 | 364936 | — | MPC |
2017 NM2 | 101.295° | July 6, 2017 | 1 | 28014 | — | MPC |
2014 XS3 | 101.381° | December 8, 2014 | 0 | 23544 | — | MPC |
2013 BN27 | 101.828° | January 17, 2013 | 1400 | — | MPC | |
(528219) 2008 KV42 | 103.396° | May 31, 2008 | 1 | 198550 | — | MPC |
(342842) 2008 YB3 | 105.058° | December 18, 2008 | 0 | 1608789 | — | MPC |
2016 PN66 | 105.113° | August 14, 2016 | 0 | 63879 | — | MPC |
2010 GW64 | 105.226° | April 6, 2010 | 0 | 9072 | — | MPC |
2012 YO6 | 106.883° | December 22, 2012 | 3 | 6674 | — | MPC |
2009 DD47 | 107.449° | February 27, 2009 | ? | 1584 | — | MPC |
2017 UR52 | 108.218° | October 29, 2017 | 1638 | — | MPC | |
2007 VW266 | 108.328° | November 12, 2007 | 5 | 2204 | — | MPC |
2011 SP25 | 109.074° | September 20, 2011 | 3 | 3654 | — | MPC |
(471325) 2011 KT19 | 110.104° | May 31, 2011 | 1 | 234828 | — | MPC |
2005 TJ50 | 110.226° | October 5, 2005 | 5 | 1488 | — | MPC |
2011 OR17 | 110.504° | May 21, 2010 | 71808 | — | MPC | |
2005 VX3 | 112.224° | November 1, 2005 | 4212 | محور شبه رئيسي من 837 وحدة فلكية، ولكن لديه قوس مراقبة قصيرة إلى حد ما 81 يوما لمثل هذا المدار الكبير | MPC | |
2017 SV13 | 113.243° | September 17, 2017 | 4 | 2160 | — | MPC |
2016 LS | 114.338° | June 27, 2015 | 0 | 26688 | — | MPC |
2015 YY18 | 118.243° | December 29, 2015 | 0 | 33454 | — | MPC |
2010 OM101 | 118.797° | July 28, 2010 | 2 | 3535 | — | MPC |
(65407) 2002 RP120 | 118.970° | September 4, 2002 | 0 | 648554 | هذا الكويكب العابر الخارجي هو كويكب داموكلودي و قرص متفرق | MPC |
2010 PO58 | 121.179° | August 5, 2010 | 8 | 120 | — | MPC |
2010 LG61 | 123.886° | June 2, 2010 | 7 | 935 | — | MPC |
(468861) 2013 LU28 | 125.356° | June 8, 2013 | 0 | 238336 | — | MPC |
2014 SQ339 | 128.506° | September 29, 2014 | 4 | 1334 | — | MPC |
2000 DG8 | 129.246° | February 25, 2000 | 2 | 42408 | كويكب داموكلودي و قرص متفرق يعبر كل الكويكبات الخارجية ما عدا نبتون. جاء في غضون 0.03 وحدة فلكية من سيريس في عام 1930.[14] | MPC |
2016 CO264 | 129.820° | February 14, 2016 | 0 | 23800 | — | MPC |
2013 NS11 | 130.333° | July 5, 2013 | 0 | 143510 | — | MPC |
2005 NP82 | 130.505° | July 6, 2005 | 1 | 662673 | — | MPC |
2006 RG1 | 133.437° | September 1, 2006 | 4 | 750 | لديه مدار مع قوس بيانات من 25 يوما | MPC |
2012 YE8 | 136.049° | December 21, 2012 | 5 | 1066 | — | MPC |
2017 AX13 | 137.204° | January 2, 2017 | 3 | 1785 | — | MPC |
2009 QY6 | 137.668° | August 17, 2009 | 1 | 43990 | — | MPC |
2016 TP93 | 138.330° | October 9, 2016 | ? | 704 | — | MPC |
2016 YB13 | 139.682° | December 23, 2016 | 1 | 50718 | — | MPC |
2019 EJ3 | 139.758° | March 4, 2019 | ? | 576 | — | MPC |
2015 AO44 | 139.934° | November 27, 2014 | 0 | 115821 | — | MPC |
(336756) 2010 NV1 | 140.773° | July 1, 2010 | 0 | 330022 | Perihelion at 9.4 AU, only 2008 KV42 has perihelion further out (154-day data arc) | MPC |
2011 WS41 | 141.645° | November 24, 2011 | ? | 108 | — | MPC |
2010 OR1 | 143.912° | January 25, 2010 | 1 | 35032 | — | MPC |
2010 BK118 | 143.914° | January 30, 2010 | 374596 | Semi-major axis of 408 AU with perihelion at 6.1 AU in April 2012 (1 year data arc) | MPC | |
(523797) 2016 NM56 | 144.034° | November 1, 2012 | 0 | 227052 | — | MPC |
2017 UW51 | 144.203° | October 23, 2017 | 68442 | — | MPC | |
2010 CG55 | 146.262° | February 15, 2010 | 0 | 129000 | — | MPC |
2012 HD2 | 146.883° | April 18, 2012 | 0 | 31408 | — | MPC |
2009 YS6 | 147.767° | December 17, 2009 | 0 | 195734 | — | MPC |
2016 VY17 | 148.419° | November 5, 2016 | 0 | 108624 | — | MPC |
2017 QO33 | 148.826° | August 16, 2017 | 1 | 45360 | — | MPC |
2006 EX52 | 150.148° | March 5, 2006 | 0 | 62310 | q=2.58 AU and period=274 yr | MPC |
1999 LE31 | 151.816° | June 12, 1999 | 2 | 905838 | A damocloid, Jupiter- and Saturn-crossing minor planet.[15] | MPC |
2017 SN33 | 152.044° | September 19, 2017 | 7590 | — | MPC | |
2018 WB1 | 152.136° | November 19, 2018 | 7 | 351 | — | MPC |
2016 JK24 | 152.326° | March 3, 2016 | 0 | 181965 | — | MPC |
2017 CW32 | 152.438° | February 2, 2017 | 51500 | — | MPC | |
(343158) 2009 HC82 | 154.367° | April 29, 2009 | 0 | 771834 | NEO that sometimes has the highest relative velocity to Earth (79 km/s) of known objects that come within 0.5 AU of Earth. However, the relative velocity at 1 AU from the sun is less than 72 km/s. | MPC |
2013 LD16 | 154.736° | June 6, 2013 | 0 | 14148 | — | MPC |
2015 FK37 | 155.842° | March 20, 2015 | ? | 748 | — | MPC |
2010 EB46 | 156.376° | March 12, 2010 | 4 | 2460 | — | MPC |
2015 XR384 | 157.514° | December 9, 2015 | 2 | 5580 | — | MPC |
2000 HE46 | 158.535° | April 29, 2000 | 2 | 25960 | — | MPC |
2015 XX351 | 159.092° | December 9, 2015 | 0 | 21120 | — | MPC |
2017 BD86 | 159.221° | January 28, 2017 | ? | 60 | — | MPC |
2012 TL139 | 160.027° | October 9, 2012 | 3 | 900 | — | MPC |
2019 CR | 160.341° | February 4, 2019 | 1 | 36993 | — | MPC |
20461 Dioretsa | 160.428° | June 8, 1999 | 0 | 256779 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 1999/06/08 – 2004/07/13 | MPC |
2018 DO4 | 160.475° | February 25, 2018 | 0 | 261726 | — | MPC |
2017 JB6 | 160.735° | May 4, 2017 | ? | 6844 | — | MPC |
(523800) 2017 KZ31 | 161.695° | June 23, 2015 | 0 | 119280 | — | MPC |
514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela | 163.022° | November 26, 2014 | 0 | 74898 | A Jupiter co-orbital. First known example of a retrograde co-orbital asteroid with any of the planets. Might have an interstellar origin. | MPCSrc |
2006 RJ2 | 164.601° | September 14, 2006 | 5 | 2849 | — | MPC |
2006 BZ8 | 165.311° | January 23, 2006 | 0 | 207459 | — | MPC |
2004 NN8 | 165.525° | July 13, 2004 | 23944 | Came within 0.80 AU of Saturn on 2007-Jun-05, most highly inclined known minor planet from 2004/07/13-2005/11/01 | MPC | |
(459870) 2014 AT28 | 165.558° | November 26, 2013 | 0 | 186598 | — | MPC |
2016 DF2 | 167.030° | February 28, 2016 | ? | 26 | — | MPC |
(330759) 2008 SO218 | 170.324° | September 30, 2008 | 0 | 1058616 | — | MPC |
2014 UV114 | 170.569° | October 26, 2014 | ? | 34 | — | MPC |
2014 CW14 | 170.764° | February 10, 2014 | 4 | 1938 | — | MPC |
2018 TL6 | 170.919° | October 5, 2018 | 7 | 270 | — | MPC |
2016 EJ203 | 170.988° | March 11, 2016 | 0 | 18081 | — | MPC |
2006 LM1 | 172.138° | June 3, 2006 | ? | 48 | Has a data arc of only 2 days, but has a very high inclination | MPC |
(434620) 2005 VD | 172.872° | November 1, 2005 | 0 | 228965 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 2005/11/01 – 2013/06/01 | MPC |
2013 LA2 | 175.095° | June 1, 2013 | 6 | 1075 | لديه أعلى ميل من أي كوكب صغير معروف | MPC |
مائل بشدة
التسمية الثانوية | زاوية الميلان (°) | تاريخ الاكتشاف | تعليقات | مراجع |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 Ceres | 10.593° | January 1, 1801 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 1801/01/01 – 1802/03/28 | MPC |
2 Pallas | 34.841° | March 28, 1802 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 1802/03/28 – 1920/10/31 | MPC |
944 Hidalgo | 42.525° | October 31, 1920 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 1920/10/31 – 1950/05/22 | MPC |
1373 Cincinnati | 38.949° | August 30, 1935 | First main-belt asteroid discovered to have an inclination greater than 2 Pallas. Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1935/08/30 – 1980/06/14 | MPC |
1580 Betulia | 52.083° | May 22, 1950 | most highly inclined known minor planet from 1950/05/22 – 1973/07/04 | MPC |
2938 Hopi | 41.436° | June 14, 1980 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1980/06/14 – 2000/09/20 | MPC |
(5496) 1973 NA | 67.999° | July 4, 1973 | An Apollo asteroid, Mars-crosser and +1 km NEO; most highly inclined known minor planet from 4 July 1973 to 8 August 1999. | MPC |
(22653) 1998 QW2 | 45.794° | August 17, 1998 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1998/08/17 – 1998/10/19 | MPC |
(88043) 2000 UE110 | 51.998° | October 29, 2000 | First main-belt asteroid discovered and numbered to have an inclination greater than 50°. | MPC |
(138925) 2001 AU43 | 72.132° | January 4, 2001 | A Mars-crosser and near-Earth object. | MPC |
(127546) 2002 XU93 | 77.904° | December 4, 2002 | A damocloid and SDO. It is almost a Uranus outer-grazer. | MPC |
(196256) 2003 EH1 | 70.790° | March 6, 2003 | A Mars-crosser, near-Earth object and Jupiter inner-grazer. | MPC |
1998 UQ1 | 64.281° | October 19, 1998 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 1998/10/19-2007/11/01 | MPC |
(467372) 2004 LG{{{2}}} | 70.725° | June 9, 2004 | A Mercury- through Mars-crosser and near-Earth object. | MPC |
2007 VR6 | 68.659° | November 1, 2007 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 2007/11/01 – 2008/09/26 | MPC |
2008 SB85 | 74.247° | September 26, 2008 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid from 2008/09/26 – 2010/03/08(?) | MPC |
2010 EQ169 | 91.606° | March 8, 2010 | Most highly inclined known main-belt asteroid(?) (orbit is not well-known) | MPC |
الطروادات
الرقم القياسى لأدنى اقتراب من الأرض
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة الأكثر اقترابا من الأرض
تمت مشاهدته بالتفصيل
الاسم | القطر(بالكيلومتر) | تاريخ الاكتشاف | المركبة الفضائية | عام(أعوام) | أقرب اقتراب (بالكيلومتر) | الأقرب اقترابا(نصف قطر الكويكب) | ملاحظات | نقطة (نقاط) الاستدلال |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Ceres | 952 | يناير 1, 1801 | Dawn | 2014–present | approx. 200 (planned) | 0.42 | Dawn took its first "close up" picture of Ceres in December 2014, and entered orbit in March 2015 | First dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft |
4 Vesta | 529 | مارس 29, 1807 | Dawn | 2011–2012 | 210 | 0.76 | Dawn broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres, where it arrived in March 2015 | First "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
21 Lutetia | 120×100×80 | نوفمبر 15, 1852 | Rosetta | 2010 | 3٬162 | 64.9 | Flyby on 10 July 2010 | Largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
243 Ida | 56×24×21 | سبتمبر 29, 1884 | Galileo | 1993 | 2٬390 | 152 | Flyby; discovered Dactyl | First asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time |
253 Mathilde | 66×48×46 | نوفمبر 12, 1885 | NEAR Shoemaker | 1997 | 1٬212 | 49.5 | Flyby | Largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time |
433 Eros | 13×13×33 | أغسطس 13, 1898 | NEAR Shoemaker | 1998–2001 | 0 | 0 | 1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing | First asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft |
951 Gaspra | 18.2×10.5×8.9 | يوليو 30, 1916 | Galileo | 1991 | 1٬600 | 262 | Flyby | first asteroid visited by a spacecraft |
2867 Šteins | 4.6 | نوفمبر 4, 1969 | Rosetta | 2008 | 800 | 302 | Flyby | First asteroid visited by the ESA |
4179 Toutatis | 4.5×~2 | فبراير 10, 1934 | Chang'e 2 | 2012 | 3٫2 | 0.70 | Flyby[16] | Closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by China |
5535 Annefrank | 4.0 | مارس 23, 1942 | Stardust | 2002 | 3٬079 | 1230 | Flyby | |
9969 Braille | 2.2×0.6 | مايو 27, 1992 | Deep Space 1 | 1999 | 26 | 12.7 | Flyby; followed by flyby of Comet Borrelly | |
25143 Itokawa | 0.5×0.3×0.2 | سبتمبر 26, 1998 | Hayabusa | 2005 | 0 | 0 | Landed; returned dust samples to Earth | First asteroid with returned samples, smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft |
162173 Ryugu | 1.0 | مايو 10, 1999 | Hayabusa2 | 2018–2019 | 0 | 0 | Multiple landers/rovers, sample return | First rovers on an asteroid |
101955 Bennu | 0.492 | سبتمبر 11, 1999 | OSIRIS-REx | 2018–present | 0 (planned) | 0 (planned) | Sample return | Smallest asteroid orbited, potentially hazardous object |
أهداف المركبات الفضائية
السطوح التي اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب أو المنحنيات الضوئية
- 1 Ceres
- 2 Pallas
- 3 Juno
- 4 Vesta
- 5 Astraea
- 6 Hebe
- 7 Iris
- 8 Flora
- 9 Metis
- 10 Hygiea
- Koronis family
- 12 Victoria
- 13 Egeria
- 14 Irene
- 15 Eunomia
- 16 Psyche
- 18 Melpomene
- 26 Proserpina
- 29 Amphitrite
- 35 Leukothea
- 37 Fides
- 51 Nemausa
- 52 Europa
- 65 Cybele
- 87 Sylvia
- 89 Julia
- 121 Hermione
- 130 Elektra
- 201 Penelope
- 216 Kleopatra
- 324 Bamberga
- 511 Davida
- 925 Alphonsina
- 1140 Crimea
- 9969 Braille
- (33342) 1998 WT24
- 66391 Moshup
- (136617) 1994 CC
- (285263) 1998 QE2
- (357439) 2004 BL86
أنظمة متعددة اكتشفت بواسطة التلسكوب
نشاط يشبه المذنب
التفكك
المخطط الزمني
الكويكبات التاريخية
الاسم | القطر (بالكيلومتر) | تاريخ الاكتشاف | تعليقات |
---|---|---|---|
1 Ceres | 939 | January 1, 1801 | First asteroid discovered |
5 Astraea | 117 | December 8, 1845 | First asteroid discovered after original four (38 years later) |
20 Massalia | 136 | September 19, 1852 | First asteroid named after city |
45 Eugenia | 202 | June 27, 1857 | First asteroid named after living person |
87 Sylvia | 261 | May 16, 1866 | First asteroid known to have more than one moon (determined in 2005) |
90 Antiope | 80×80 | October 1, 1866 | Double asteroid with two nearly equal components; its double nature was discovered using adaptive optics in 2000 |
92 Undina | 126 | 1867 July 7 | Created in one of the largest asteroid-on-asteroid collisions of the past 100 million years |
216 Kleopatra | 217×94 | April 10, 1880 | Metallic asteroid with "ham-bone" shape and 2 satellites |
243 Ida | 56×24×21 | September 29, 1884 | First asteroid known to have a moon (determined in 1994) |
243 Ida I Dactyl | 1.4 | February 17, 1994 | Moon of 243 Ida, first confirmed satellite of an asteroid |
279 Thule | 127 | October 25, 1888 | Orbits in the asteroid belt's outermost edge in a 3:4 orbital resonance with Jupiter |
288 Glauke | 32 | February 20, 1890 | Exceptionally slow rotation period of about 1200 hours (2 months) |
323 Brucia | 36 | December 22, 1891 | First asteroid discovered by means of astrophotography rather than visual observation |
433 Eros | 13×13×33 | August 13, 1898 | First near-Earth asteroid discovered and the second largest; first asteroid to be detected by radar; first asteroid orbited and landed upon |
482 Petrina | 23.3 | March 3, 1902 | First asteroid named after dog |
490 Veritas | 115 | September 3, 1902 | Created in one of the largest asteroid-on-asteroid collisions of the past 100 million years |
588 Achilles | 135.5 | February 22, 1906 | First Jupiter trojan discovered |
624 Hektor | 370×195 | February 10, 1907 | Largest Jupiter trojan discovered |
719 Albert | 2.4 | October 3, 1911 | Last numbered asteroid to be lost then recovered |
935 Clivia | 6.4 | September 7, 1920 | First asteroid named after flower |
1090 Sumida | 13 | February 20, 1928 | Lowest numbered asteroid with no English Wikipedia entry |
1125 China | 27 | October 30, 1957 | First asteroid discovery to be credited to an institution rather than a person |
1566 Icarus | 1.4 | June 27, 1949 | First Mercury crosser discovered |
1902 Shaposhnikov | 97 | April 18, 1972 | Last ~100+ km in diameter asteroid discovered |
2309 Mr. Spock | 21.3 | August 16, 1971 | First asteroid named after cat |
3200 Phaethon | 5 | October 11, 1983 | First asteroid discovered from space; source of Geminids meteor shower. |
3753 Cruithne | 5 | October 10, 1986 | Unusual Earth-associated orbit |
4179 Toutatis | 4.5×2.4×1.9 | January 4, 1989 | Closely approached Earth on September 29, 2004 |
4769 Castalia | 1.8×0.8 | August 9, 1989 | First asteroid to be radar-imaged in sufficient detail for 3D modeling[17] |
5261 Eureka | ~2–4 | June 20, 1990 | First Mars trojan (Lagrangian point قالب:L5) discovered |
11885 Summanus | 1.3 | September 25, 1990 | First automated discovery of a near-Earth object (NEO) |
(29075) 1950 DA | 1.1 | February 23, 1950 | Will approach Earth very closely in 2880, collision unlikely (1 in 8,300 or 0.012%) [18] |
69230 Hermes | 0.3 | October 28, 1937 | Named but not numbered until its recovery in 2003 (65 years later) |
99942 Apophis | 0.3 | June 19, 2004 | First asteroid to rank greater than one on the Torino Scale (it was ranked at 2, then 4; now down to 0). Previously better known by its provisional designation 2004 MN4. |
(433953) 1997 XR2 | 0.23 | December 4, 1997 | First asteroid to rank greater than zero on the impact-risk Torino Scale (it was ranked 1; now at 0) |
1998 KY26 | 0.030 | June 2, 1998 | Approached within 800,000 km of Earth |
2002 AA29 | 0.1 | January 9, 2002 | Unusual Earth-associated orbit |
2004 FH | 0.030 | March 15, 2004 | Discovered before it approached within 43,000 km of Earth on March 18, 2004. |
2008 TC3 | ~0.003 | October 6, 2008 | First Earth-impactor to be spotted before impact (on October 7, 2008) |
2010 TK7 | ~0.3 | October 2010 | First Earth trojan to be discovered |
2014 RC | ~0.017 | September 1, 2014 | Asteroid with fastest rotation: 16.2 seconds |
الكواكب الثانوية المرقمة وبنفس الوقت هي من المذنبات
الاسم | اسم المذنب | تعليقات |
---|---|---|
2060 Chiron | 95P/Chiron | First centaur discovered in 1977, later identified to exhibit cometary behaviour. Also one of two minor planets known to have a ring system |
4015 Wilson–Harrington | 107P/Wilson–Harrington | In 1992, it was realized that asteroid 1979 VA's orbit matched it with the positions of the lost comet Wilson–Harrington (1949 III) |
7968 Elst–Pizarro | 133P/Elst–Pizarro | Discovered in 1996 as a comet, but orbitally matched to asteroid 1979 OW7 |
60558 Echeclus | 174P/Echeclus | Centaur discovered in 2000, comet designation assigned in 2006 |
118401 LINEAR | 176P/LINEAR (LINEAR 52) | Main-belt comet–asteroid discovered to have a coma on November 26, 2005 |
الكواكب الصغرى التي سميت خطأ وأعيدت تسميتها
اسم الكوكب أو اسم الكوكب الصغير | الوصف |
---|---|
330 Adalberta | An object discovered March 18, 1892 by Max Wolf with provisional designation "1892 X" was named 330 Adalberta, but was lost and never recovered. In 1982 it was determined that the observations leading to the designation of 1892 X were stars, and the object never existed. The name and number 330 Adalberta was then reused for another asteroid discovered by Max Wolf on February 2, 1910, which had the provisional designation A910 CB. |
525 Adelaide and 1171 Rusthawelia | The object A904 EB discovered March 14, 1904 by Max Wolf was named 525 Adelaide and was subsequently lost. Later, the object 1930 TA discovered October 3, 1930 by Sylvain Arend was named 1171 Rusthawelia. In those pre-computer days, it was not realized until 1958 that these were one and the same object. The name Rusthawelia was kept (and discovery credited to Arend); the name 525 Adelaide was reused for the object 1908 EKa discovered October 21, 1908 by Joel Hastings Metcalf. |
715 Transvaalia and 933 Susi | The object 1911 LX discovered April 22, 1911 by H. E. Wood was named 715 Transvaalia. On April 23, 1920, the object 1920 GZ was discovered and named 933 Susi. In 1928 it was realized that these were one and the same object. The name Transvaalia was kept, and the name and number 933 Susi was reused for the object 1927 CH discovered February 10, 1927 by Karl Reinmuth. |
864 Aase and 1078 Mentha | The object A917 CB discovered February 13, 1917 by Max Wolf was named 864 Aase, and the object 1926 XB discovered December 7, 1926 by Karl Reinmuth was named 1078 Mentha. In 1958 it was discovered that these were one and the same object. In 1974, this was resolved by keeping the name 1078 Mentha and reusing the name and number 864 Aase for the object 1921 KE, discovered September 30, 1921 by Karl Reinmuth. |
1095 Tulipa and 1449 Virtanen | The object 1928 DC discovered February 24, 1928 by Karl Reinmuth was named 1095 Tulipa, and the object 1938 DO discovered February 20, 1938 by Yrjö Väisälä was named 1449 Virtanen. In 1966 it was discovered that these were one and the same object. The name 1449 Virtanen was kept and the name and number 1095 Tulipa was reused for the object 1926 GS discovered April 14, 1926 by Karl Reinmuth. |
1125 China and 3789 Zhongguo | The object 1928 UF discovered October 25, 1928 by Zhang Yuzhe (Y. C. Chang) was named 1125 China, and was later lost. Later, the object 1957 UN1 was discovered on October 30, 1957 at Purple Mountain Observatory and was initially incorrectly believed to be the rediscovery of the object 1928 UF. The name and number 1125 China were then reused for the object 1957 UN1, and 1928 UF remained lost. In 1986, the object 1986 QK1 was discovered and proved to be the real rediscovery of 1928 UF. This object was given the new number and name 3789 Zhongguo. Note Zhongguo is the Mandarin Chinese word for "China", in pinyin transliteration. |
Asteroid 1317 and 787 Moskva | The object 1914 UQ discovered April 20, 1914 by G. N. Neujmin was named 787 Moskva (and retains that name to this day). The object 1934 FD discovered on March 19, 1934 by C. Jackson was given the sequence number 1317. In 1938, G. N. Neujmin found that asteroid 1317 and 787 Moskva were one and the same object. The sequence number 1317 was later reused for the object 1935 RC discovered on September 1, 1935 by Karl Reinmuth; that object is now known as 1317 Silvretta. |
أرقام المعالم
انظر أيضا
كتب
مراجع
- ^ Carry, B.؛ وآخرون (2009). "Physical properties of (2) Pallas". Icarus. ج. 205 ع. 2: 460–472. arXiv:0912.3626. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.007.
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
<ref>
والإغلاق</ref>
للمرجعjpl-big
- ^ "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations" نسخة محفوظة 2013-07-08 at WebCite. Maintained by Jim Baer. Last updated 2010-12-12. Access date 2011-09-02.
- ^ Baer، James؛ Steven R. Chesley (2008). "Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007. ج. 100 ع. 2008: 27–42. Bibcode:2008CeMDA.100...27B. DOI:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8.
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
<ref>
والإغلاق</ref>
للمرجعBaer20112
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
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للمرجعPitjeva-2005
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
<ref>
والإغلاق</ref>
للمرجعPitjeva05
- ^ The mass of Euphrosyne is suspect. It was determined from a single interaction with another asteroid, and is much greater than a C-type asteroid should be.
- ^ Michalak، G. (2001). "Determination of asteroid masses". Astronomy & Astrophysics. ج. 374 ع. 2: 703–711. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-11-10.
- ^ Michalak, G. (2001), assumed masses of perturbing asteroids used in calculations of perturbations of the test asteroids.
- ^ "(99942) Apophis Ephemerides for 13 Apr 2029". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site). اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-05.
- ^ "(99942) Apophis Ephemerides for 13 Apr 2029". Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service—Dynamic Site).
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: Asteroids and i > 90 (deg)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-31.
- ^ 2008 DG8 and Ceres in 1930
- ^ 1999 LE31 approaches to Jupiter and Saturn
- ^ Chang'E 2 images of Toutatis – December 13, 2012 – The Planetary Society
- ^ "1994 Release #9412" (Press release). NASA. 18 فبراير 1994. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-04-17.
- ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح
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