هيلين شكمان

هيلين شكمان
معلومات شخصية
الميلاد	14 يوليو 1909 ; نيويورك
الوفاة	9 فبراير 1981 (71 سنة) ; نيويورك
سبب الوفاة	سرطان البنكرياس
مواطنة	الولايات المتحدة
الحياة العملية
المدرسة الأم	جامعة نيويورك
المهنة	عالمة نفس، وكاتِبة
اللغات	الإنجليزية
	تعديل مصدري - تعديل

هيلين دورا كوهن (بالإنجليزية: Helen Dora Cohn)‏ المعروفة بـ هيلين كوهن شكمان (بالإنجليزية: Helen Cohn Schucman)‏ (14 يوليو 1909- 9 فبراير 1981) هي عالمة نفس سريري وتجريبي وكاتبة أمريكية، وأستاذة علم النفس الطبي في جامعة كولومبيا في نيويورك من عام 1958 حتى تقاعدها في عام 1976. اشتهرت بكتابها الذي شاركها بكتابته ويليام ثيتفورد بعنوان دورة في المعجزات (الطبعة الأولى، 1975)،^[1]^[2] والتي لم يعرف دورها "ككاتبة" للجمهور إلا بعد وفاتها.^[3]

الحياة المبكرة[عدل]

ولدت هيلين دورا كوهن في عام 1909 لوالدها سيغموند كوهن،^[4] عالم كيمياء، وروز بلاك،^[5] التي تزوجا في 18 أكتوبر 1896، في مانهاتن. كان لها أخ، أدولف كوهن،^[6] كان يكبرها بنحو 12 عامًا. على الرغم من أن والديها كانا نصف يهوديين، إلا أنهما كانا غير متدينين، شاركت والتدها، روز، في الثيوصوفية والتعبيرات المختلفة للمسيحية مثل العلوم المسيحية.

وفاتها[عدل]

في عام 1980 شخصت بإصابتها بسرطان البنكرياس المتقدم، وبعد صراع طويل مع المرض، توفيت بسبب المضاعفات عن عمر ناهز 71 عامًا في عام 1981.^[7]

المراجع[عدل]

^ The 1st edition of A Course in Miracles was published in 1975 as a 4-volume set of books. Vol. 1 contains Chapters 1-14 of the "Text" section of the Course, Vol. 2 contains Chapters 15-30 of the "Text" section of the Course, Vol. 3 contains the "Workbook" section of the Course, and Vol. 4 contains the "Teacher's Manual" section of the Course. The Foundation for Parasensory Investigation - founded and run by Judith Skutch and her second husband Robert E. Skutch - was the publisher of the 1st edition of the Course, and also held the 1975 Copyright to the work. The Freeperson Press, a small privately owned printing/publishing company located at 325 Ninth Street in San Francisco, California, did the actual printing and binding of the 1st edition of the Course. The edition published by the دورة في المعجزات claims that the course "was published in three volumes in June 1976". The 1st edition of the Course consisted, in total, of 300 sets of the 4-volume Course. These 300 sets of the 4-volume Course were printed and bound - over a period of several months in 1975 - by the Freeperson Press. Eleanor Camp Criswell, owner/manager of the Freeperson Press, was in charge of the printing and binding of the 1st edition of the Course. Consequently, it has become customary to refer to the 1st edition of the Course either as the "Criswell edition" or the "Freeperson Press edition". Criswell only printed 100 sets of the 4-volume Course at a time - as they were needed for sale and distribution - so the 1st edition of the Course is actually three separate "printings" of the books. The "first printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the first 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in yellow covers. The "second printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the next 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in white covers. The "third printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the final 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in blue covers. By February 1976, all 300 4-volume sets of the "Criswell edition" of the Course had been sold and/or distributed. Judith (born Judith M. Rothstein on April 12, 1931) married Robert Edward Skutch (born July 19, 1925) in 1966 (it was Judith's second marriage), but they divorced (on friendly terms) in 1980. Later in the 1980s, Judith Skutch married William Wallace "Whit" Whitson (December 3, 1926 - February 8, 2018) and became known as Judith Skutch Whitson. Eleanor Camp Criswell (born May 12, 1938) became known as Eleanor Criswell Hanna (لغات أخرى) after her marriage to philosopher توماس لويس حنا (Nov. 21, 1928 - July 29, 1990) on June 25, 1974. Thomas L. Hanna was the originator of Hanna Somatics, aka Hanna Somatic Education. In 1975 Thomas and Eleanor co-founded the Novato Institute for Somatic Research and Training, located at Novato, California.
^ A complete copy of the 4-volume 1st edition of the Course, known variously as the "Criswell edition" or the "Freeperson Press edition," has been placed online and can be read here: http://openacim.org نسخة محفوظة 2022-08-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ "Biography". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-07-29.
^ Sigmund Cohn (July 14, 1871 - February 1951) was a prosperous metallurgical chemist, born in نيويورك. Sigmund died in February 1951, and he was cremated on February 4, 1951, at the Ferncliff مرمدة located on the grounds of the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (هارتسديل (نيويورك)، مقاطعة ويستتشستر (نيويورك), New York). Sigmund Cohn began his business career by partnering with David Belais (July 2, 1862 - June 5, 1933) in 1901 to form Belais & Cohn, which was located at 13 Dutch Street, near the Financial District in lower Manhattan, New York City. When Belais & Cohn was dissolved in 1917, David Belais remained at 13 Dutch Street and, partnering with his brother Henry Belais (March 2, 1857 - June 1, 1940), resumed business under the name Belais Brothers. Belais Brothers went out of business in 1929. Shortly after the dissolution of Belais & Cohn in 1917, Sigmund Cohn moved to 44 Gold Street (which is only about 2 blocks east of 13 Dutch Street) in lower Manhattan and resumed his business under the name Sigmund Cohn Manufacturing Company Inc. Over the years this company (whose main office was located at 44 Gold Street at least between 1919-1950) became very successful and expanded to become several different companies, located in different states. The parent company, which eventually relocated to Mount Vernon, New York, now operates under the name of the Sigmund Cohn Corporation. From the beginning of his career in 1901, Cohn was engaged primarily in the business of platinum refining and in the manufacture of precious metal platinum alloys for the jewelry industry. In the 1900-1925 period, the jewelry industry was by far the largest consumer of platinum alloys. Presently (2013) the Sigmund Cohn Corporation, via its several companies, specializes in manufacturing precious and base metal products, and supplies approximately 20 different industries, including: aerospace, defense, medical devices, semiconductors, temperature measurement and control, automotive components, jewelry, and electronics. After Sigmund Cohn's death, his son Adolph Cohn (1897-1984) became President and Director of Research of the Sigmund Cohn Corporation. The current President and CEO of Sigmund Cohn Corporation is Thomas A. Cohn (born 1957), who is a great-grandson of Sigmund Cohn. For additional documentation on the history of both Belais & Cohn and the Sigmund Cohn Manufacturing Company Inc., see http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=1&xmldoc=19478716gztcm865_1664.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985&SizeDisp=7 - Cohn v. Commissioner 6 T.C.M. 865 (1947) (Sigmund Cohn v. Commissioner. Docket No. 9659. United States Tax Court. Entered July 18, 1947) نسخة محفوظة 2018-03-06 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ Rose (or Rosa) Black (September 1, 1875 - April 1944) ( see: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2WPN-ZHY ), who was born in Cairo, Illinois, was a daughter of Simon Black (Block) and Amelia ("Minna" or "Minnie") Holzstein (Holdstein, Holstein or Hollstin). Rose B. Cohn was cremated on April 4, 1944 at the Ferncliff Crematorium located on the grounds of the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York). According to U. S. Census records, Simon Black was born in Germany in August 1827/1828, and immigrated to the United States in 1861. He and Minna Holzstein were married in New York City. Minna died on January 30, 1897, in Manhattan. Simon Black was trained as a rabbi, and it is known that he acted in that capacity while living in England. نسخة محفوظة 2016-03-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ Adolph Cohn (November 19, 1897 - October 1984) - He was cremated on October 31, 1984 at Ferncliff Crematorium located on the grounds of Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York).
^ "Biography". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-07-29."Biography". Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-07-29.

هيلين شكمان في المشاريع الشقيقة:

صور وملفات صوتية من كومنز.

[1] The 1st edition of A Course in Miracles was published in 1975 as a 4-volume set of books. Vol. 1 contains Chapters 1-14 of the "Text" section of the Course, Vol. 2 contains Chapters 15-30 of the "Text" section of the Course, Vol. 3 contains the "Workbook" section of the Course, and Vol. 4 contains the "Teacher's Manual" section of the Course. The Foundation for Parasensory Investigation - founded and run by Judith Skutch and her second husband Robert E. Skutch - was the publisher of the 1st edition of the Course, and also held the 1975 Copyright to the work. The Freeperson Press, a small privately owned printing/publishing company located at 325 Ninth Street in San Francisco, California, did the actual printing and binding of the 1st edition of the Course. The edition published by the دورة في المعجزات claims that the course "was published in three volumes in June 1976". The 1st edition of the Course consisted, in total, of 300 sets of the 4-volume Course. These 300 sets of the 4-volume Course were printed and bound - over a period of several months in 1975 - by the Freeperson Press. Eleanor Camp Criswell, owner/manager of the Freeperson Press, was in charge of the printing and binding of the 1st edition of the Course. Consequently, it has become customary to refer to the 1st edition of the Course either as the "Criswell edition" or the "Freeperson Press edition". Criswell only printed 100 sets of the 4-volume Course at a time - as they were needed for sale and distribution - so the 1st edition of the Course is actually three separate "printings" of the books. The "first printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the first 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in yellow covers. The "second printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the next 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in white covers. The "third printing" of the "1st edition," consisting of the final 100 4-volume sets of the Course printed by Criswell, were bound in blue covers. By February 1976, all 300 4-volume sets of the "Criswell edition" of the Course had been sold and/or distributed. Judith (born Judith M. Rothstein on April 12, 1931) married Robert Edward Skutch (born July 19, 1925) in 1966 (it was Judith's second marriage), but they divorced (on friendly terms) in 1980. Later in the 1980s, Judith Skutch married William Wallace "Whit" Whitson (December 3, 1926 - February 8, 2018) and became known as Judith Skutch Whitson. Eleanor Camp Criswell (born May 12, 1938) became known as Eleanor Criswell Hanna (لغات أخرى) after her marriage to philosopher توماس لويس حنا (Nov. 21, 1928 - July 29, 1990) on June 25, 1974. Thomas L. Hanna was the originator of Hanna Somatics, aka Hanna Somatic Education. In 1975 Thomas and Eleanor co-founded the Novato Institute for Somatic Research and Training, located at Novato, California.

[2] A complete copy of the 4-volume 1st edition of the Course, known variously as the "Criswell edition" or the "Freeperson Press edition," has been placed online and can be read here: http://openacim.org نسخة محفوظة 2022-08-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[acimarch-3] "Biography". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-07-29.

[4] Sigmund Cohn (July 14, 1871 - February 1951) was a prosperous metallurgical chemist, born in نيويورك. Sigmund died in February 1951, and he was cremated on February 4, 1951, at the Ferncliff مرمدة located on the grounds of the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (هارتسديل (نيويورك)، مقاطعة ويستتشستر (نيويورك), New York). Sigmund Cohn began his business career by partnering with David Belais (July 2, 1862 - June 5, 1933) in 1901 to form Belais & Cohn, which was located at 13 Dutch Street, near the Financial District in lower Manhattan, New York City. When Belais & Cohn was dissolved in 1917, David Belais remained at 13 Dutch Street and, partnering with his brother Henry Belais (March 2, 1857 - June 1, 1940), resumed business under the name Belais Brothers. Belais Brothers went out of business in 1929. Shortly after the dissolution of Belais & Cohn in 1917, Sigmund Cohn moved to 44 Gold Street (which is only about 2 blocks east of 13 Dutch Street) in lower Manhattan and resumed his business under the name Sigmund Cohn Manufacturing Company Inc. Over the years this company (whose main office was located at 44 Gold Street at least between 1919-1950) became very successful and expanded to become several different companies, located in different states. The parent company, which eventually relocated to Mount Vernon, New York, now operates under the name of the Sigmund Cohn Corporation. From the beginning of his career in 1901, Cohn was engaged primarily in the business of platinum refining and in the manufacture of precious metal platinum alloys for the jewelry industry. In the 1900-1925 period, the jewelry industry was by far the largest consumer of platinum alloys. Presently (2013) the Sigmund Cohn Corporation, via its several companies, specializes in manufacturing precious and base metal products, and supplies approximately 20 different industries, including: aerospace, defense, medical devices, semiconductors, temperature measurement and control, automotive components, jewelry, and electronics. After Sigmund Cohn's death, his son Adolph Cohn (1897-1984) became President and Director of Research of the Sigmund Cohn Corporation. The current President and CEO of Sigmund Cohn Corporation is Thomas A. Cohn (born 1957), who is a great-grandson of Sigmund Cohn. For additional documentation on the history of both Belais & Cohn and the Sigmund Cohn Manufacturing Company Inc., see http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=1&xmldoc=19478716gztcm865_1664.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985&SizeDisp=7 - Cohn v. Commissioner 6 T.C.M. 865 (1947) (Sigmund Cohn v. Commissioner. Docket No. 9659. United States Tax Court. Entered July 18, 1947) نسخة محفوظة 2018-03-06 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[5] Rose (or Rosa) Black (September 1, 1875 - April 1944) ( see: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2WPN-ZHY ), who was born in Cairo, Illinois, was a daughter of Simon Black (Block) and Amelia ("Minna" or "Minnie") Holzstein (Holdstein, Holstein or Hollstin). Rose B. Cohn was cremated on April 4, 1944 at the Ferncliff Crematorium located on the grounds of the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York). According to U. S. Census records, Simon Black was born in Germany in August 1827/1828, and immigrated to the United States in 1861. He and Minna Holzstein were married in New York City. Minna died on January 30, 1897, in Manhattan. Simon Black was trained as a rabbi, and it is known that he acted in that capacity while living in England. نسخة محفوظة 2016-03-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[6] Adolph Cohn (November 19, 1897 - October 1984) - He was cremated on October 31, 1984 at Ferncliff Crematorium located on the grounds of Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum (Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York).

[مولد_تلقائيا1-7] "Biography". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-07-29."Biography". Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-07-29.

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ضبط استنادي
دولية	المُعرِّف مُتعدِّد الأوجه (FAST) الاسم المعياري الدولي (ISNI) ملف الضبط الاستنادي الافتراضي الدَّولي (VIAF) مركز المكتبة الرقمية على الإنترنت (WorldCat ID)
وطنية	نظام الضبط الاستنادي النرويجي (BIBSYS) المكتبة الوطنية الفرنسية (BnF) الملف الاستنادي المتكامِل (GND) المكتبة القومية الإسرائيلية (J9U) مكتبة الكونغرس (LCNAF) المكتبة الوطنية السويدية (Libris-URI) قاعدة البيانات الوطنية التشيكية (NLCR AUT) المكتبة القومية الكوريَّة (NLK) المَكنز الوطني للمؤلِّفين (NTA) المكتبة القومية في بولندا (NLP)
أخرى	النظام الجامعي للتوثيق (IdRef)